ISOSEISMALS: DISTRIBUTION OF APPARENT INTENSITY. 249 
case of a monument overthrown. In a few cases monuments were snapt off. In one 
instance a single piece about 3 inches thick was broken off by the shock. The upper 
part of the slab is in two pieces, tho the second break may have been made when the 
slab fell. The stone chapels at several cemeteries were badly shaken and partially wrecked. 
There is one monument in Holy Cross Cemetery that was composed of several pieces, 
the top piece being the figure of an angel. Underneath this angel was a small thin piece 
of stone beveled to meet the base of the figure, and below that was a block of about 20 
inches square and 12 inches thick. It was observed that the washer and the square block 
were inverted in their positions. It is stated that this displacement and inversion of these 
blocks was effected by the earthquake. If so, there must have been enough upward 
motion to throw this block and washer high enough to turn completely over. 
There was no consistency apparent in the direction in which monuments fell; they 
seem to have fallen in every direction. 
The other cemeteries all suffered about the same, but the percentage of fallen monu- 
ments was not nearly so high in the others as it was in the Holy Cross Cemetery. The 
reason for this difference in the number of monuments overthrown is not apparent; the 
soil of all these cemeteries is practically the same. A possible reason is that the differ- 
ence in effects is due to a difference in the depth of the sand upon the underlying rock 
floor, and that there was a greater depth of sand underneath the Holy Cross Cemetery. 
There is no proof of this, however. 
Plate 95a and B illustrates the wreck of buildings at the Woodlawn and Hills of 
Eternity Cemeteries. 
On top of the gate posts at Holy Cross, there were two large ornamental stone balls. 
These were fastened to the posts by steel rods projecting up into them; these rods, how- 
ever, did not hold them in place and the balls were both thrown down. West of the gates 
the stone railroad station was badly wrecked, fully one-third of it being shaken down. 
Between the depot and the gates small 1-inch water-pipes, running in a northeast-south- 
west direction, were bowed upward and forced out of the ground. In relaying the pipes, 
they were not set more than 1 foot deep, from which it is inferred that they were probably 
not more than 1 foot deep before the earthquake. 
In front of the Holy Cross railway station (plate 96a) the tracks of the main line of 
the Southern Pacific were slightly bent, but the lighter rails of a side track near by were 
much more disturbed. Around the station the. ground had settled and there were a 
number of cracks, from 4 to 6 inches wide, but these were probably due to the fact that 
this ground had been filled in to get the required grade for tracks and the station. 
Landslides. — North of Holy Cross Station, by a little lake west of the cemetery, 
there was a large landslide along the roadbed of the Southern Pacific Railway. For 
about 300 feet the bed caved and in one place the west track was left suspended in the 
air. West of the railroad there were large cracks in the newly filled grounds of the 
Woodlawn Cemetery. 
One hundred feet west of the Southern Pacific Railroad track is the electric line of the 
United Railroads between San Mateo and San Francisco. This roadbed was also filled 
in considerably for the required grade, and was not as well settled as the Southern Pacific 
tracks, so it suffered more severely. West of the Holy Cross Cemetery, the rails were dis- 
torted and pulled apart 3 or 4 inches at the joints, due mainly to the dropping of the 
roadbed. Poles were out of true, but no wires were seen broken from tension or the 
swaying of the poles. 
Northeast of Mount Olivet Cemetery there was an earth-flow in the sandy soil at the 
base of the San Bruno Mountains. The angle at which the materials slid was hardly 
more than 10 degrees. The sand and water forming this slide came out of a hole several 
hundred feet long and 150 feet wide, flowed down the hill several hundred yards toward 
