18 SEAL CYLINDERS OF WESTERN ASIA. 
is important to speak here of the investigations of two scholars who have much 
advanced these studies. One of these is M. Fr. Lenormant, many of whose notes 
of importance are found in his “Essai de Commentaire des Fragments Cosmo- 
goniques de Bérose,”’ 1871. He made a careful study of the cylinders collected 
by Lajard and attempted to identify the deities there figured. ‘The other is M. 
Léon Heuzey, the learned Conservateur of the Oriental antiquities in the Louvre. 
He has published many articles dealing with the cylinders in the French archeo- 
logical journals and has collected some of the most important of them in his “ Les 
Origines Orientales,” a work of the highest value, and in “De Sarzec’s Décou- 
vertes en Chaldée,” edited by M. Heuzey. To the labors of the two French scholars 
Méenant and Heuzey the study of the art of the cylinders owes more than to all 
other scholars combined. 
I may also refer to a succession of short articles on the cylinders published by 
myself, mostly in American archeological journals, during the last twenty-five years, 
some of which will be cited in their place. 
