CHAPTER XII. 
BAU-—GULA. 
The identity of Bau, or Gula (for the two goddesses, originally separate, were 
found to be identical), is settled by her representation in the kudurru found at Susa 
by M. de Morgan, where we find her name, Gula, by the side of the figure of a seated 
goddess (fig. 1270; see “ Délégation en Perse, Recherches Archéologiques,” p. 168). 
From several kudurrus which give figures of the goddess we may select fig. 1274, 
where she is seated and wears the complicated, high-folded turban, a flounced 
garment, long hair, holds up both hands, and is accompanied by her dog, or it 
may be a lion. There appear to be two principal forms of the seated goddess, one 
being the Ishtar with weapons rising from her shoulders and with face in front view, 
though she is usually standing, shown in figs. 407-421; the other the seated goddess 
with face usually in profile and with no particular emblem to distinguish her, 
whom we recognize as Bau or Gula. Yet we must remember that Bau and Gula 
were originally distinct, and on de Morgan’s named kudurru, the imperfect name 
by the walking bird seems to be Bau, while that of Gula is by the seated goddess. 
On the bas-relief, fig. 1264a, which represents a goddess in the lap of a god, Heuzey 
reads the name Bau on the epigraph. 


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We have had examples in the chapters on archaic cylinders of seated deities; 
but in those cases, where all are beardless, it is impossible to distinguish the male 
from the female deities. Very likely the most of them were goddesses, but of that 
we could not be certain. In the following period it is usually easy, if the cylinder 
is well preserved, to recognize the goddesses by the beardless face and to some 
extent by the dressing of the hair. Often the hair of the goddess hangs down on 
her back or on her shoulder, which is not to be expected in the case of a god. The 
large loop behind, with a band about the loop, is also generally, but not solely, 
feminine. 
An example of the goddess whom we recognize as Gula, or Bau, is seen in fig. 
214. The goddess wears the flounced dress and holds a flower, or more likely a 
bunch of dates, in one hand, and the other is raised in token of the acceptance of 
the offering of the worshiper. Her hair 1s worn in a long tress behind, and on her 
head is the high-horned, or folded, turban. A worshiper brings a goat; his wife, 
or maid, brings an offering in a pail, and another female attendant serves the two 
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