166 SEAL CYLINDERS OF WESTERN ASIA. 
to have legs, as if it were a pail of metal or earthenware rather than a basket. Another 
cylinder much like these is shown in fig. 443; but the second god is not Shamash, 
but the god Martu, to be considered in Chapter xxx1. It is interesting, as in these 
cases where different gods are on the same seal, to be able, in our identification, 
to separate and distinguish the gods thus figured together. 
Two cases have been shown, in figs. 436 and 437, in which the god lifts the 
scimitar or serpent in his hand, instead of letting it hang down. Another such 
case is given in fig. 444. But here the god has his foot lifted, like Shamash, on an 
eminence; and yet this is not another form of Shamash, for we also have Shamash 
receiving worship. ‘The lifted foot, however, seems to suggest a Sun-god, such as 
was Marduk. The same god with serpent-scimitar seems to be repeated and in 
connection with yet another god, this time Adad, in fig. 445. We have here the same 
small attendant on an elevated stand that we have seen in figs. 441, 443. 
As has been said, the god with the curved scimitar is scarcely to be found in 
the earlier Chaldean art. He appears in the period of Hammurabi and later. 
The god carrying his scimitar on Dungi’s seal is probably a predecessor of Marduk, 
perhaps Bel. His weapon is hardly carried by any other god, although it is also 
carried by the goddess Ishtar. He is not one of the more frequently appearing 
deities on the cylinders, not nearly so frequent as Shamash or Ramman. That he 
is to be identified as Marduk depends very largely upon the fact that the god who 
fights the dragon, in its later Assyrian modifications, is evidently the same god 
and the scimitar is his characteristic weapon. Further, the fact is important that 
he hardly appears until about the time of Hammurabi. He is one of the late gods 
in art, like Ramman. Where in the seal of Dungi (fig. 436) we see a god carrying 
this serpent-weapon on his shoulder we may regard it as the Elder Bel, supplanted 
later by Marduk. 

