CHAPTER XXX. 
ADAD LEADING A BULL. 
In the chapter on Ramman and Shala we shall consider the fact that the god 
Martu there recognized as Ramman is not to be confounded with the god who has 
seemed to be Adad and who carries a thunderbolt and leads a bull. In figs. 460, 
464, 478, 479, and 482 both gods are represented on the same seal, and so were 
regarded as separate gods. ‘The god with thunderbolt and bull appears late in the 
Babylonian art, as does Martu, not till about the time of Gudea, and he is occa- 
sionally, but not frequently, found in the period following Hammurabi. As early 
an example as any is to be seen in fig. 338. 
This god we see in fig. 455. He wears a long open garment and has one foot 
raised and the leg is bare, exactly as in the case of the standing Shamash. He also 
wears the high-horned turban of Shamash. But while the standing Shamash, whom 
we have considered in Chapter x11, has his raised foot on a conventional mountain, 
this god rests his foot on a bull, or also stands entirely on the bull, while his lifted 
foot is on the bull’s neck or head. ‘This bull he leads by a leash attached to a ring 

in its nose. In the same hand, or connected by the leash, he holds up usually a 
bident thunderbolt, which may also become a trident. In fig. 455 this thunderbolt 
is omitted. The other hand may be folded across his breast, or it may carry another 
thunderbolt, or a weapon, presumably a scimitar, over his head. In fig. 455 the 
bull is unusually well developed, so as to show the ring in its nose. The other acces- 
sories are the worshiper, his servant with the pail or basket and a slender vase; 
also the sun in the crescent. 
In fig. 456 the god standing on the neck of the bull holds up a thunderbolt in 
each hand, and the cord which holds the bull seems to end in a ring. There is also a 
second deity, in a square hat and carrying two crooks. This deity, who occasionally 
appears with one crook, is a goddess, if we may judge from the square hat, which 
characterizes the Hittite goddesses, and from the diverging lines of the necklace, 
which might be mistaken for a beard. But such a pectoral is worn also by Ishtar. 
Similar to this is the representation of the same god in fig. 457 where he carries in 
one hand the thunderbolt and the leash by which he leads the bull, and folds the 
other arm to his breast. With him is a second similar god with his foot on a different 
kind of animal and carrying a peculiar scepter. The other accessories are a vase 
and a “libra” and the sun in a crescent. It is not easy to identify the second deity. 
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