RAMMAN AND SHALA. eAg 
god worshiped by the owner of the seal. Thus, in the collection of de Clercq, there 
are 25 inscribed cylinders on which the only figures are those of the god and god- 
dess, with, in some cases, that of a worshiper. Of these 25, five have simply the 
inscription ‘Ramman, Shala,” or “Ramman, Son of Anu,” and four add to the 
name of the owner the fact that he is a worshiper of 
Ramman. One of these bears the name “ Ramman- 
adri, servant of Ramman.” But four others indicate 
that the owner was a worshiper of Sin, three were 
worshipers of Ninib, and two of Nebo. Besides these, 
two of the cylinders add a small figure of the naked 
goddess Zirbanit, one of which records that the wor- 
shiper, a woman into whose name Ramman enters, is a worshiper of Ramman; 
and in the other case the owner is a worshiper of Ninib. Thus out of these twenty 
cases, ten are devoted to Ramman. In this connection we may refer to fig. 475, 
where the figure of Ramman in slightly different attitude is actually engraved within 
the inscription of the god’s name, and that of Shala, but much resembling Zirbanit, 
within that of the goddess. Here can be no doubt whatever; such a case conclu- 
sively proves that the god and goddess thus figured are Ramman and Shala. It 
were much to be desired that other gods were so conclusively identified. 
Beyond this identification little further need be done than to illustrate what 
are some of the combinations of Ramman with other gods. A more than usually 

a, 

coarse example, and probably quite late, appears in fig. 476. Here there is a 
diminutive figure of the nude goddess, while the sign for deity is attached to each 
of the larger figures of Ramman and Shala, but the deities are not specified by name 
as in the previous case. ‘This is sufficient to prove that the female figure is that of 
a goddess, and not of a priestess, as usually supposed. ‘The inscription shows that 
this cylinder belonged to a slave-catcher, according to Oppert. Another illustra- 
tion of Ramman and Shala with other deities is given in fig. 477, which shows a 
figure like Gilgamesh, a caduceus, a squat or dancing figure, and a small animal. 
Two other cases are particularly of value because of the presence with Ramman 
of the northern Adad, who is also identified with 
Ramman. In fig. 478 we see also Ishtar, Adad, 
and a worshiper before Shamash. In fig. 479 only 
Adad appears with Ramman and Shala. In fg. 
480 we have also a female deity, perhaps Gula-Bau, 
but with the unusual rod and ring held in her hand. 
There is also a worshiper with a goat elevated on 

478 
a stand. In fig. 481 the goddess, who may be either Aa or Shala, appears with both 
Shamash and Ramman, and so may represent either goddess. We also have, in 
small figures, Gilgamesh in profile on one knee stabbing a lion, while behind him 
12 
