ADAD AND ISHTAR. 201 
In fig. 762 we have a case of apparently foreign origin. A male and a female 
deity stand one on each side of a winged sphinx, above which is a winged bull. 
The god lifts in one hand a club, while his foot rests on the body of the sphinx. 
The goddess seizes the head of the sphinx with both hands. We have also the 
crescent and the star. he ample headdress of the goddess is peculiar and is tipped 
with a star, which the drawing fails to give. This cylinder illustrates the develop- 
ment of the two upper angles which represent the quivers and which are not here 
tipped with stars. On the Babylonian cylinders they are open, so that the ends of 
the arrows show; but here the quivers are in their covers or cases, which are all that 
usually appear in the Assyrian seals. One will recall the expression in Habakkuk 
3:9, “ Thy bow was quite uncovered”; and equally the quiver was protected. 
We have in fig. 763 the god without the goddess, and he holds in each hand 
the thunderbolts of Adad and stands upon a bull, or here a cow with a sucking calf. 
We have also the tree of life and the disk with its tassels, each of which is grasped 
by a worshiper. ‘There are the usual emblems, the crescent and the star (the sun, as 
often, replaced by the winged disk), the seven dots, a fish, a rhomb, a small tree, and 
a bull’s head. It 1s noticeable that in such cases the bull, with its short horns, may 
be, as in the earlier Babylonian seals, the Brson bonasus, sometimes the aurochs. 



In the excellent and unusually large cylinder shown in fig. 764 the god stands 
on his bull, but the goddess does not stand on her appropriate animal. This case 
is interesting because of the weapons represented. ‘There are no rays about the 
deities except the double-pointed quivers from their shoulders, each tipped not with 
a star but with a dot; but above the goddess is a large star which takes the place 
of the usual star accompanying the crescent, the winged disk with human bust of 
Ashur-Shamash and the seven dots, thus more definitely identifying the goddess 
with Ishtar. Her only other weapon is the peculiar and slender one which extends 
behind her back, as also behind the back of the god, which, with its two dots like 
a dumb-bell near the end, might be taken for a double ax, although it looks more 
like a curious sort of javelin. But the god carries in his hand a sharply drawn ax, 
which shows also the loop of cord by which it might be hung up or attached to the 
wrist. Instead of a star he has a knob, or dot, on the top of his helmet. A beardless 
worshiper stands before him, and before the goddess is the tree of life. 
Another case in which the god carries the ax is seen in fig. 767. He is orna- 
mented with stars, adored by a worshiper, and behind him, carrying a pail, is the 
composite attendant spirit which we see supporting the winged disk. We have 
also the ashera of Marduk, the crescent, star and seven dots, and four lines of 
inscription. The god carries the same ax in fig. 766 and the goddess carries her 
ring; we observe the ibex, the seven dots, the rhomb, crescent, and column. 
An attractive cylinder is shown in fig. 765, where both the god and the goddess 
are abundantly adorned with stars and quivers, while a worshiper stands before the 
