278 SEAL CYLINDERS OF WESTERN ASIA. 
the vacant spaces, there are two griffins over a guilloche, under which are a lion and 
an ibex. The same Ramman-Martu appears in fig. 841, a cylinder from the Hauran, 
which contains a Babylonian inscription, a winged genius, a bird, and a crux ansata. 
It is clearly Ramman-Martu and his wife Shala that we see in fig. 843. With them 
is another god holding the bident thun- 
derbolt, who would thus be indicated as 
Ramman-Adad, but who must be differ- 
entiated from the Ramman-Martu. He 
has the long garment of Shamash, and 
rests his foot on a lion or dragon. In the 
field are the sun in crescent, the crux ansata, a scorpion, a head in profile, and the 
head of Belit. The filiary inscription is in honor of the god Adad. 
Among other Babylonian gods we find Shamash, with his foot on a conventional 
mountain, in fig. 844. He accompanies Ramman-Martu and Aa-Shala. The 
guilloche appears with a sphinx above it attacking a doe, and below it a griffin 
threatening a gazelle. Shamash also is the only god recognizable in fig. 845, which 
is from a cylinder probably of this class and crowded with figures in two registers. 
Three figures approach Shamash, and two more, with vases, approach a seated 
deity. In the lower register are various men and animals. 



Occasionally Marduk appears on a Hittite cylinder, but not often. We have 
such a case in fig. 846. But in fig. 847 Marduk, if it be he, carries a waving serpent 
instead of the scimitar which was developed out of a different kind of a serpent, 
of the thick-necked asp character. Before him is the conventional goddess of the 
Aa-Shala type, and behind him, facing the three registers—a sphinx over a guilloche, 
over two lions—is a female figure with the peculiar garment or veil back of her 
head, which is characteristically non-Babylonian. 
The cylinder shown in fig. 848 is from the Hauran, and so Syro-Hittite, although 
few of the figures vary from the Babylonian forms. The two registers are not sepa- 
rated by any line. In the upper register is a seated goddess with a worshiper, also 
Shamash (with no stool for his foot) and two worshipers. In the lower register is 
a worshiper before a lion seizing a man, and a worshiper before two symmetric 
gazelles facing a tree. We may presume that the cylinder shown in fig. 845 is of 
the same period, as also that in fig. 849, which shows in the upper register a crowded 
succession of gods and emblems and in the lower the man-fish and various animals. 
