CHAPTER LXI. 
CYLINDERS WITH PHENICIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 
We have already seen several cylinders with Phenician, or Aramean, inscrip- 
tions—for instance figs. 684, 1050, 1053, 1054, 1082, 1125, and 1141. They belong, 
for the most part, to the Persian period and might properly be nearly all classified 
with Persian seals. Inasmuch as the earliest-known Phenician inscriptions do not 
run back of a period from goo to 1000 B. C., we can not expect to find any cylinders 
with such inscriptions of an early period. While such inscribed cylinders may be 
possibly found which belong to over 600 B. C. they are more likely to be 400 or 500 
B.C. Phenician inscriptions have been found in Assyria of the eighth century B. C. 
We are here treating solely of cylinders having Phenician inscriptions, from 
whatever geographical region. The territory of Phenicia had long been under 
Babylonian or Egyptian control before the prevalence of the Phenician script. 
We have seen, in figs. 805 and 806, two cylinders inscribed in cuneiform characters 
Yh 
ow 
SS 
Liza 
TR 
p 
4 Bs S 
es ican 
) 
ni 
i 
3. Se 

1152 7153 1150 
with the names of a father and a son living in Sidon, and doubtless many of the 
Syro-Hittite cylinders already described had their origin in Phenicia. But there 
was no peculiar Phenician glyptic art. Phenicia was but a province in great 
empires which had a general culture. It is therefore impossible for us to differentiate 
Phenician cylinders by their art, and the purpose in this chapter is simply to gather 
a number of those which are notable chiefly for their inscriptions. 
Among those that are plainly Persian are several which represent scenes in 
hunting or war. Of such we have already seen figs. 1053, 1054, 1082, 1125. Among 
those which, clearly Persian in style, represent mythological scenes accompanied 
by inscriptions may be mentioned fig. 1148, where the god, as a hunter on horseback, 
spears a grifin. The Aramean inscription reads, “Belonging to Kenatgam.”’ 
Other cylinders with Aramean inscriptions show more of the Assyrian than 
the Persian influence, but may equally belong to the Achzemenian period. The 
garment of the god in fig. 1149 is Assyrian. The inscription reads: “Hartaka.” 
341 
