CYLINDERS WITH PHENICIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 045 
In fig. 1157, in the center, a rude winged disk is over what takes the place of 
the sacred tree, though it looks more like the thunderbolt of Adad. Close to it stand 
a small worshiper, and on each side a larger protecting winged genius. There are 
three lines of inscription which read: “Yarphael, son of Horadad,” the name of 
Yarphael being repeated. 
The presence of a Phenician (or Aramean) inscription is a proof of a later 
age and also a presumption of an eastern origin. On the western coast the cylinder 
prevailed until perhaps tooo B.C., about which time it was replaced by the scara- 
boid on which we have the earliest-known Phenician inscriptions, like that one 
which bears the name of Shallum, with Egyptian objects (Levy, “Siegel und Gem- 
men,” plate 1, fig. 1). But farther east, where the Assyrian and Persian influence 
controlled, the cylinder continued in use, generally large in size and made of chalce- 
dony, the Aramean language being much in use, especially in trade. ‘These cylinders 
are usually rather coarsely engraved with the wheel and the writing is, therefore, 
somewhat difficult to read. 
