CYLINDERS FROM CYPRUS, 345 
a grave, mounted after the Cypriote style with gold caps, is further proof of Baby- 
lonian influence and control from a very early period and continued for many cen- 
turies. It is quite certain that the rule over the seacoast claimed by Lugal-zaggisi 
and Sargon from a period of three or four thousand years B. C. must have in- 
fluenced also Cyprus. This cylinder may even go back as far as 2000 B. C. 
Equally Babylonian in general style is the cylinder shown in fig. 1160. It 
shows other than Babylonian influence solely in the object held in the hand of the 
worshiper, which is probably a lotus flower. This cylinder is probably quite 1000 
B. C. Another beautiful cylinder, of a bluish chalcedony, also found by General 
di Cesnola in Cyprus, is shown in fig. 516. Its material suggests the Persian 
period, but the inscription in eight lines is in the Kassite style. 
A small number of the cylinders said to have been found in Cyprus are, as 
might be expected, of the Syro-Hittite style. Such is that shown in fig. 1161, where 
we have sphinxes, and, what is unusual, two bulls fighting. Another such, quite 
Syro-Hittite in character, is fig. 1162, with two seated deities and a crux ansata 

between them, a procession of three figures behind them, and an ibex and two 
sphinxes in an upper register. Another is to be seen in fig. 1163, with two sphinxes 
and three figures in procession. 
Two cylinders are to be mentioned which seem to have a Cypriote inscription. 
One is seen in fig. 1164. The inscription is read by Isaac H. Hall as perhaps “Ta- 
ka-na-e-ro-ti,” which may be a proper name. The design is extremely rude and 
shows three upright figures, an ibex held by one of them, and a dog. Another (fig. 
1165) is given by Sayce, who says it is from the bronze-age cemetery at Paraskevi, 
and therefore very old; he reads it: “ Mo-ro-ta-se.”” On two other cylinders Dr. Hall 
thinks a single character may appear, but this is too doubtful to depend upon. 
But the multitude of cylinders from Cyprus appear to be of a much later date. 
They have almost entirely lost the distinct Babylonian type and are rudely engraved, 
with no artistic feeling or nicety; and, what is to be noticed, they seldom have any 
inscriptions, Babylonian, Hittite, Cretan, Phenician, or Egyptian. This seems to 
imply a period of long continuance when Cyprus was free from Babylonian control 
and equally from Egyptian. Indeed one is surprised to see so little Egyptian influ- 
