CHAPTER LXVII. 
THE RECOGNITION OF THE DEITIES. 
The following are among the principal data for the recognition of the gods, 
in which cases we find them fully figured and with names accompanying them. 
1. The famous stele of Sippara (Abu-habba) gives us the Sun-god Shamash 
(fig. 1270) sitting, with rod and circle in his hand and with his name written over 
him. His disk, with streams and rays, is before him. This settles the representa- 
tion of Shamash as a seated god. 
2. Hammurabi, in his stele, carried from Sippara to Susa, stands before a 
similar god. ‘The accompanying inscription identifies Shamash once more as a 
seated deity. See fig. 1271. 
3. A cylinder seal (fig. 1272) gives the names of three gods against the figures 
of them. These are Sin, Shamash, and Aa. Sin is a seated god, not easily to be 
distinguished from the seated Shamash. He holds in his hand a rod and ring. 

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Shamash is the standing god, with his foot raised on what conventionally represents 
the mountain of the East from which he rises. In one hand he holds a peculiar 
weapon which takes the place of the notched sword often seen on the earlier seals. 
This particular seal is of the later Syro-Hittite family and does not fully follow the 
Babylonian conventions. The third figure i$ of the goddess Aa, and the exigencies 
of the figures compelled the engraver to separate the two characters of her name. 
Aa is not here represented in her usual attitude with both hands raised, but stands 
with both hands on her breast behind the worshiper. This cylinder thus assures 
us the standing form of Shamash. 
4. Among the monuments discovered by the German expedition to Babylon 
in 1899, was a limestone stele (fig. 1273), with four figures in bas-relief and a long 
inscription of Shamash-resh-usur, Viceroy of Suhi and Maer. By three of the 
figures are epigraphs giving the names. By a female figure is the epigraph, “Im- 
368 
