380 SEAL CYLINDERS OF WESTERN ASIA. 
33. The God with a Wand: Ramman-Martu: This god belongs to the middle 
period, and then as a western or foreign god, but he appears first somewhat before 
Gudea’s time, although an imported Syro-Hittite deity. His identity is confused 
with that considered in No. 36, which was also a Syro-Hittite god brought into 
the Babylonian pantheon. This god was 
not the original Syro-Hittite Adad, who 1s 
the god with the bull and thunderbolt; but 
he and Marduk probably came from the 
superior Syro-Hittite god (No. 68). He is 
very frequently accompanied by his consort 
Shala. (See Chapter xxx1.) 
34. The Standing Goddess with Lifted 
Hands, Aa or Shala: ‘This represents an 
undifferentiated goddess who may be the 
wife either of Shamash or Ramman-Martu. She always, unless possibly in the 
earlier art, appears in a flounced garment and wearing her hair in a very long 
slender lock down her back. She carries no distinguishing mark except it be the 
high headdress of the elder gods. Her relation to Ramman makes her a frequent 
figure, but she seldom appears alone. (See Chapter xxXt.) 
35. The Naked Goddess with Hands under her Breasts: Zirbanit: ‘This god- — 
dess, as the wife of Marduk, is the 
successor of Belit, the wife of Bel, 
whom Marduk supplanted. She re- 
sembles this naked goddess, as seen 
in Section 1, but is probably derived a 
from the nude Syro-Hittite goddess. 
She is usually absolutely nude and 
holds her breasts with her hands. In f 
the true Babylonian art in which she \ 
appears, she is a late comer, like Mar- 
duk. In the still later period, under ¥ i ; 
foreign influence, she may appear in profile, as in e, and on later cylinders the 
umbilicus often is shown. (See Chapter XxvV1.) 

[34] 



30. The God with Thunderbolt and Bull: Adad: This god also appears first 
in the middle period, and is more 
properly identified with the Syr- 
ian Adad than is the god consid- 
ered in section 33 of this chapter 
(a, 6, c),. [he bull is led@by <2 
thong attached to a ring in its 
nose, the same hand holding a 
thunderbolt, which may be the 
continuation of the thong. The E z 
other hand carries a weapon. The zigzag weapon represents the lightning, while 
the bull represents the bellowing of the thunder. (See Chapter xxx.) 

