EMBLEMS OF DEITIES. 393 
difficult to understand. But a study of a number of kudurrus by M. J. de Morgan 
first gives us new light. In a volume of his “Mémoires,” the “ Recherches arché- 
ologiques,” 1900, with the account of the diggings at Susa in 1897-99, is given, 
pp. 165-180, a chapter on twelve kudurrus found by de Morgan at Susa, where 
they had been gathered as trophies by Elamite kings in their raids in Babylonia. 
Some of these are fragmentary, but others are among the finest that have yet been 
discovered. One (fig. 1284) is of especial value, because it actually gives us, in a 
ra EOE 
BEER ECR TING 


little epigraph against each emblem, the name of the god, which finally settles the 
matter. Unfortunately, not all of the names are legible. De Morgan, writing at 
Susa, and without access to other material, and apparently having no knowledge 
of von Luschan’s studies or Jensen’s identifications, writes quite independently. 
These various emblems fully corroborate the conclusions drawn from a study 
of the bas-relief of Bavian. ‘There is, of course, no winged disk, which is a Syrian 
and Assyrian device, probably borrowed from Egypt, perhaps before the invasions 
of the eighteenth dynasty, and modified by the omission of the asps and the addi- 
tion of the tail. Shamash is represented by his familiar Babylonian emblem, the 
circle with four included rays of light alternating with four streams of water. Ishtar 
