EMBLEMS OF DEITIES. 403 
recognize him in the winged sphinx on the lower register of de Morgan’s kudurru 
No. tv, and the stone of Merodach Baladan I. (fig. 1288). We see on the kudurru, 
fig. 1286, that a second deity is attached to the same sphinx, just as we have seen 
Marduk and Nebo borne by the same fantastic animal. This suggests that the 
second sphinx may represent Nergal, who was so closely associated with Ninib, as 
Nebo with Marduk; but see paragraph 15 below. The lion properly belongs to 
Nergal, who is, in the texts, represented as a lion. On the kudurru figured in 
Mitt. d. Or. Gesellschaft, 1900, No. 4, p. 17, the figure of an archer has the winged 
lion attached, and we may presume this to be Nergal. 
Before passing from this emblem it is well to recall the two lions’ heads sur- 
mounted by the eagle of Lagash (No. 28) carried as a standard of war by the king 
on the so-called Stele of Vultures, of the very early times of Eannadu (Heuzey, 
Catal. des Antiq. Chald., p. 107; de Sarzec, ‘‘Découvertes en Chaldée,” plate 4 
bis), where the standard 1s probably held in the hand of the god Ningirshu. But 
Ninib was identified with Ningirshu, and the double lion head has thus a very 
early origin. See No. 28. Hommel in his discussion of the kudurrus (“Aufs. 
Abh.,”’ 11, pp. 236-268) sees Gemini in the two lions’ heads. 
15. Zamama: A column with an eagle’s or hawk’s head. This identification is 
verified by fig. 1284. To be sure it is not well drawn by de Morgan, and the head 
looks more like that of an ass, but it is certainly that of a hawk or eagle. ‘This 
appears from its association with a similar column with a lion’s head here, as in so 
many other cases in which the hawk’s head can not be mistaken. So we have it in 
figs. 1286, 1287, and 1292. In fig. 1286 the full hawk is drawn 
with head turned back in front of the column, and belonging 
to it, just as an animal accompanies emblems of gods on di- 
vine seats or thrones. Here it must be understood that the col- 
umn and the bird before it represent a single deity, Zamama. 
This hawk, with head turned back, is not to be confounded & d,' 
with the hawk, if hawk it be, which we find perched on a 15% 
column with two prongs at the top, as that occurs on the same kudurrus with this 
hawk emblem of Zamama. The choice of the eagle as the emblem of this god allies 
it with the frequent old design of the eagle seizing two animals with its talons. The 
relation of Zamama with Ninib (No. 14) gives some difficulty. (See No. 28.) 

16. The Lion-headed Column: This emblem usually accompanies that of 
Zamama, the eagle-headed column; but what deity is indi- 
cated by it is not clear. The column of Ninib, with two 
lion heads, is usually found with them. ‘This close relation 
indicates a related god, and, as stated under No. 14, Hinke 
finds the name of Nergal attached to it on fig. 1284. This 
very important identification solves two principal difficulties 
about the emblems, for it follows that the two lion heads of No. 14 represent Ninib. 







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17. The Club, Shugamuna: ‘This emblem is identified by its name on fig. 
1284. Shuqamuna is a Kassite deity, similar to Nergal, according to de Morgan (or 
Scheil), p. 169. It does not appear on other kudurrus in just this form and seems to 
be replaced by other or more developed emblems. Thus in fig. 1286 we have what 
may be the same emblem, but like a truncated spear-head resting on a throne, over 
