406 SEAL CYLINDERS OF WESTERN ASIA. 
There now remain the following emblems on the kudurrus thus far uniden- 
tified: The tortoise; the bustard (or sparrow) on a plow; the eagle on a forked 
column (hawk); the sheaf (?), shell (?), sponge (?), scale (?); the eagle-headed col- 
umn; the arrow; the scorpion-man hunter; the horse under an arch (appears once). 
We find the following deities mentioned, which we have not assigned to any 
one of the emblems: Anunit, Shumaliya, Papsukal, Shulpaudda, Aruru, Sidlam- 
taudda. 
Of these Shumaliya, as the subordinate consort of Shuqamuna, is probably 
not figured separately. We meet Anunit but once, and she is to be identified with 
Nana and Ninni, which are other forms of the great goddess Belit-Ninkharshag. 
Aruru is another goddess who is mentioned but once on the kudurrus, who aided 
Marduk in the creation of mankind; but we can not further identify her with her 
emblem. Papsukal is spoken of as a messenger of the gods. He can not here be 
the same as Nebo, messenger and associate of Marduk, for their names are on the 
same stone. He may be Nusku. Sidlamtaudda is another form of the god Nergal, 
and so may be eliminated from the list. As to Shulpaudda (or Umunpaudda) we 
simply know that he represents a god of brilliancy, and so solar, not to be dis- 
tinguished in qualities from other solar gods, such as Shamash and Ninib. There is 
no special evidence which connects any one god with the half-dozen symbols or 
emblems which remain undetermined. Most of them, and the important ones, 
we know, but the tortoise, the sparrow, the lion-headed column, and the eagle 
perched on a two-forked column (the notch of an arrow) appear frequently enough, 
so that it is unfortunate we do not know their significance. Others, as the sheaf 
(?), the horse’s head, and the scorpion-man shooting the arrow, occur too seldom 
to give us much indication of their identity. 
21. The Scorpton-man or Sagittarius: This occurs rarely 
on the kudurrus; it is on the stone of Nebuchadnezzar I., fig. 
1287. He shoots with a bow, and so seems to be related with 
such a constellation as Sagittarius. He is a composite figure, 
having the legs and talons of an eagle, as well as the body of 
a scorpion and the head and arms of a man. He is to be dis- 
tinguished, of course, from the scorpion which represents I[s- 
khara. With the scorpion-man must be connected Sagittarius 
in the form of a centaur, which is seen in figs. 629, 631-633. As we have the arrow 
alone as an emblem, it may be that it represents this same Sagittarius. An illustration 
of the scorpion-man is seen on cylinders fig. 630. Here see the “Arrow,” No. 23. 

22. The Horse’s Head appears but once, resting on 
Ppp ’ & 










lonian art, and we may presume that some foreign deity 
is represented, but it is not clear which one. 



the divine seat and under a high arch, on the kudurru SHKD 
Nik RYSIGCA 
of Nebuchadnezzar I., fig. 1287. ‘This is, perhaps, the = fC = 
; BY &, Sa eS 
earliest representation of the horse that we have in Baby- BS eA’ Be 
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23. The Arrow: We are unable to identify this [22] [23a] [230] 
emblem, except as it is likely to be related to the scorpion-man Sagittarius, con- 
sidered in No. 21. 
