EMBLEMS OF DEITIES. 413 
man”; but these have evidently no relation to the deities figured and were very 
likely added later by some owner of the cylinder. It seems somewhat probable 
that the crook is related to Nebo, but this is by no means certain. The crook 
must not be confounded with the lotus, to be seen on the Syro-Hittite cylinders, 
while those with the crook are Babylonian. 
51. The Crutch: It is not clear what this rather late emblem means. It 
sometimes seems to represent the crescent of Sin, and at other times it might be a 
form of the crook. 
OO 
52. The Emblem of Stability: This is taken from O|]O 
the Egyptian, where there are cross lines instead of SIS 
the dots. This emblem may be carried in the hand 
h 2 
of such a god as Shamash ta (s2] [52a] [525] 
53. The Rod and Ring: That this is an emblem significative of supremacy there 
can be no question from the way it is employed, as on the relief of Abu-habba, to give 
dignity to the Sun-god. The two objects are separate originally, 
but are carelessly united. In the relief of Abu-habba the rod is ” 
simple as in a, but in later art it became a wedge. This does 
a b 
not relate it to Nebo. It and the circle appear not to be weapons, 
but symbols of majesty and power, like the tablets of destiny. 
54. The Crux Ansata: It is only in close relation to Egyptian influence that 
we find the crux ansata on the cylinders. 
55. Lhe Hand: For examples of this Phenician emblem 
see figs. gOI, 1189. 
56. The Herm: In addition to the emblems of Teshub, 
arranged as a herm on a column, or ashera, we may include & 
the undesignated deity which we see in figs. 840 and 1017. [4] 55] [56] 
This belongs to the western region, not occurring in Babylonia or Assyria. It seems 
to correspond to a character in the Hittite hieroglyphics. 
The above are the more important emblems appearing on the cylinders. The 
others are mostly accidental, and so far as we know meaningless. 

