VIII CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER V. THE MIGRATIONS.—Continued. 
Climatic deterioration caused unrest and migrations of agriculturists, but caused nomadic 
shepherds merely to expand over the semi-arid regions ................ 
This expansion of nomads covered all Inner Asia by the III millennium B, ¢c.......... 
Duerst’s identification of the second breed of sheep and the domestic pig of Anau I with 
the domesticated sheep and pig of late neolithic stations in Europe indicates 
Transcaspia as ultimate source of these domestic animals,............... 
They appear in Europe contemporaneously with immigrants of round-headed Asiatic 
(Galcha) type, and with introduction of wheat and barley.............. 
These early immigrants brought no other oasis industries, except perhaps spinning, nor 
metals, but adopted European neolithic culture....................-2- 
Professor Sergi finds all skulls of first two cultures at Anau to be dolichocephalic or 
mesocephalic, with total absence of the round-headed element .......... 
It is, therefore, a fair hypothesis that the chain of trarismission of animals and cereals 
and spinning included round-headed Asiatic nomadic shepherds 
Extent of the sphere of isolation and of the barperse. i. 2.0. ee unease eee 
Organized town life with agriculture and breeding of animals first appears among a long- 
headed people and apparently originated by these.................00005 
Since the II Culture at Anau was started during the trend toward the arid extreme of the 
cycle and introduced lapis lazuli and the camel, it is probable that this mi- 
gration came from the East; and the presence in Asia Minor of bones of the 
turbary sheep makes it possible that migrations of the oasis peoples extended 
as far as the Mediterranean 
This migration began about 6000 8. ©. .....+ sesans sane sds oon Kee By ge ae enn 
The great migrations were probably checked by the favorable climatic period down to the 
TIT millemsmintn 3. € 6 ocae.5 wa aj & ps Shale rage as © om Ds og a ee ar 
Hypothesis that peoples of the hunting stage received the art of breeding and of planting 
from the oasis stock during the VI millennium B. c.; that they expanded 
during the favorable climate of the V and IV millenniums, and that the 
renewed trend towards aridity in the IV and III millenniums saw the 
beginnings of the great waves of westward migrations................+. 
The migrations of the nomadic stocks were chiefly over Eurasian steppes and north of the 
Black Sea; those of the oasis stock along routes through Mesopotamia 
and Asia, Minor 5 3:5 5s siavetiv’« <n 'sttrae eis’ di up ikar tae nis eee 
Relation of Anau Cultures I and II to early Babylonia and Susiana....................5- 
Duerst identifies breed of longhorned cattle established at Anau with that brought to 
Babylonia before time of Sargon of Accad—in IV millennium B. c. or 
earlier—in the pre-Semitic Sumerian time 
ite + = & 0 6)'8 
ce aeRO Oey 8 ee Bee es Re 6 eS 6 Shee OS Cie » 6 A 60 
8 256 0OF BO WS wiles s a ele oe Ces a ie 6s aioe 
The Babylonian symbol for the domestic ox V belongs in the pre-transitional, picto- 
graphic form of writing, which was used before the introduction of 
writing into. Babylonia.’ \o0\. <2. des .d ace pate ee te Ne Ms eee 
Since agriculture preceded domestication and breeding, it is probable that the origins 
of these fundamental elements antedated the Chaldean and Babylonian 
CIVIzations . sss. T8 nin ews oe ele ee ee Ee IR ite 6s hen reer aie 
De Morgan’s excavations at various points in Susiana found, in pre-Sargonic strata, no 
traces of stone arrow or spear-points, but abundance of sickle-flints and of 
paimted pottery ..5 5.65.0. 22S Fo eee nn ees ae ae eer ete canta rene cere 
Hence the sphere of isolation included Chaldea: .4...7.. neues oe) 2 ane ee eee 
Hence also a genetic relationship of the cultures of Anau I and II and pre-Semitic Chaldea 
Their origin and evolution was within the sphere of isolation that began in the Glacial 
POLIO vi. sea e's die elec Wo Bin 'p woe Silla Oo e See ten are ate OTe IN ee tate ea 
Evidence to show that these cultures were evolved east of Mesopotamia and on or near 
the" Tranian"tableland 75 200 can ote ae ee i ear 
The evolution of agriculture on the oases necessarily preceded the controlling of the 
Euphrates, the accomplishment of which may have been contemporaneous 
with the earlier stages of the North Kurgan Copper Culture of Anau III.... 
List of WorkKs CONSULTED IN PREPARING Part I 
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