106 THE ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN ANAU. 
declivity near terrace B, where the lowest culture-strata were found to the level 
of — 22 feet; and lastly by shaft D, which began at — 5 feet in the outer digging, 
and was sunk to a depth of — 31 feet, exposing culture-strata to a depth of — 23 feet. 
These shafts, as well as some others at the northeast corner of the kurgan, 
were intended chiefly for physiographic purposes; but the culture material which 
was raised from them was of archeological value, even though it furnished only 
a meager basis for understanding the character of the lowest culture-strata. 
EXCAVATIONS AND FINDS AT DIFFERENT LOCALITIES. 
Upper digging (figs. 36, 37, and 38).—The excavation laid out on the summit 
at +52 feet, datum being the level of the plain, was sufficiently extensive in area 
to permit the work to descend to a considerable depth. In this digging the succes- 
sion of superimposed layers can be best seen on the western wall (see fig. 37). 
In the upper layers, about 5 feet thick, there came to light a great quantity 
of fragments of a 
; common, wheel- 
made, light-colored 
pottery (group 1). 
Among these there 
was found, a little 
below the surface, 
a single small gray 
pot 6.5 cm. high 
(plate 9, fig ge 
At the same time 
there was observed 
a fragment ofa 
_heavily rusted iron 
knife (Special 
4 ? = > ° pee Finds Catalogue, 
Fig. 36.—Plan of Upper Digging. South Kurgan, 2), 
and several small 
unworked stones were found, but not in any position that would indicate an inten- 
tional arrangement. Above the level of +48 feet, which marks the upper limit 
of a stratum extending through the hill, there appeared in the southern end of the 
west wall several layers of débris, consisting of stones, ashes, charcoal, and earth. 
These lay between two earth cores, apparently the remains of walls of indetermin- 
able length and thickness, and the whole recalling the stratification of the North 
Kurgan. ‘The strata evidently mark the position of houses on the summit of the 
hill. Deeper, between +44 feet 8 inches and +43.5 feet, a reddish-brown layer, 
rising slightly toward the north, extended through the whole excavation—presum- 
ably a deposit of burnt earth brought together by the rains. Below this, again, 
the usual yellowish earth reached to about the mean level of +41 feet. Here 
began a layer of débris mixed with considerable ashes and charcoal; but in the 

pat tan Ss hk alate ono EG are dhee ts oe eae 

