EXCAVATIONS AND FINDS AT THE SOUTH KURGAN. Tr5 
Two corners of a rectangular room or building were relatively well preserved. 
The outer cross wall is wider and stronger and better preserved than the longitu- 
dinal walls at right angles with it. Its upper edge lies at the level of +20 feet, 
and it was followed downwards to +18 feet. Indeed, it was possible from the 
survey of R. W. Pumpelly to determine, in part, the position of the walls and the 
size of the air-dried bricks used (9 by 4 by 18 inches). On the inner sides these 
thick walls still showed extensive remains of a white plastering of lime or mortar. 
The extension of the longitudinal walls into the interior of the hill could not 
be followed. Less well preserved were some smaller walls adjoining this larger 
building; their upper edges stood at +20.5 feet and +19.5 feet. Judging from 
these walls, we have here extensive constructions, which must be merely part 
of a settlement covering the level of +20 feet throughout the hill. The question 
arises, therefore: What is the relation of this settlement to the finds discovered 
above in terrace B, and how do the layers rise one above the other? These 
buildings must already have been buried when the clay chest was built at +23 feet. 
Pithoi b and c must have been in use simultaneously with this chest. Pithos d 
stood at a lower level than 6 and c, but only its bottom is preserved; therefore 
it is older than 6b and c, and possibly contemporaneous with the walls. Pithos a 
stood 2 feet higher than b and c, this difference being exactly the height of the 
latter, of which the upper part of the lip had disappeared. Pithos a, must, there- 
fore, have been younger than b and c; possibly these lost their lips when a was 
put into place. The air-dried brick lies at about the same level on which pithos 
a stands and was probably contemporaneous with it. 
The threshold at +27.5 feet marks a higher layer. Since the preserved 
lip of pithos a stood at +26 feet, it must already have been in the earth when 
the threshold was laid. We would thus have to distinguish the following periods 
from the top down: 
Period IV, threshold. 
Period III, pithos a and the brick. 
Period II, clay chest and pithoi b and c. 
Period I, large walls and pithos d. 
The question still remains: How are the skeleton graves to be distributed? 
This depends on the levels of the different layers. For comparison we may arrange 
the finds in the following parallel columns: 
I, Ee 
Pia it: Ee In: 
BU TeShOld musts ceararcts. tee ohelenk eicteletictere: ce +27 6 | Skeletons a (No.19) and / (No. 21)..+27 
PAM EIEC) DLICKe <a eet ieietelo ele ete coins a 2 
EICHOStU ete taste et ares «ae ets Mate aM +25 Skeletons 7(No. 22),¢(No. 25),#(No.24) + 25 
fas SAS 
ELTA ase a aa el 4 +23 Skeletonia (NOM 20) us erie ars otis © ls ane 7 
Pithos Ge. (O)ebeight 62 COI. ies sells s fo Be MK CICLOMSGaNOM 23) nari ccon + secistere scious +2 5 
Pithos 67(c) height 65 enti... 6 0 os +23 emeleton (NO, 20).% gece a. eset ss +23 2 
PitHOStel ee wena worth case ieie iets Siete ore alone +21 DIET Ome CIN Gt 29 ore faeces. 0s ditos vs +2 
Only in the uppermost layer, period IV, is the height of the floor determined 
by the threshold. In all the other cases it is uncertain. A maximum height 
can be assumed from the lips of the pithoi and the dimensions of the clay chest. 
