MINOR ANTIQUITIES FROM CULTURES III AND IV, COPPER. 155 
culture III or to the younger IV. The infrequently occurring pottery at this 
depth in the outer digging consists of mixed younger and older sorts. 
Lastly, there are some miscellaneous objects, of which the use and significance 
can not be definitely determined from the form. A fragment of a double tube 
made from sheet copper (S.K. 1650, fig. 282), from the upper digging, between 
+25 feet 5 inches and +29 feet, is possibly an ornament. The fragments of a 
doubly bent band of copper seem to have been the binding of some round object 
(S.K. 306, fig. 283). They are from terrace C between +18 feet 5 inches and 
+19 feet 5 inches. An object with elliptical cross-section (S.K. 201, fig. 284; plate 
38, fig. 7), resembles a handle or hilt. It comes from terrace B, between +21 feet 
5 inches and +23 feet 7 inches. A trough-shaped object (S.K. 98, fig. 285), made 
from sheet copper or low bronze, was found in the upper digging between +33 
feet 2 inches and +37 feet 7 inches. 
No objects of copper or bronze have hitherto been found in the lower strata 
of the South Kurgan. It can not, however, be concluded 
from this that none are to be found there. The study 
of the ceramic finds shows that in degree and quality 
the culture of the lower layers stands on an equal footing 
with that of the middle strata. 
COPPER FROM UPPER STRATA, CULTURE IV. 
The localities to be considered in connec- 
tion with the finds of the younger culture are 
the layers of the upper digging between +40 
and + 52 feet, terrace A, 
eee ee and the outer digging 
down to the level of 
+4 feet 2inches. The 
number of copper finds 
brought to light there 
is very small. It is 
possible that a piece of 
wire (S.K. 11, fig. 286), 
276 (X 0.4) 275 (X 0.4) 279 (X 0.4) 277 (X 0.4) 278 (X 0.75) belongs to a pin. It 
was found 3 feet below 
the surface of the upper digging. The purpose of a little rod (S.K. 145; fig. 287; 
plate 39, fig. 8) is indeterminable. The rod comes from the outer digging, bet ween 
+6 feet 5 inches and +10 feet. The most important find, however, is a three- 
edged arrow-point of copper; that is, it has a triangular cross-section (S.K. 8; 
fig. 288; plate 39, fig. 7). The three edges are raised slightly above the deeper- 
lying lateral faces and they are extended downward into blunt projecting points. 
It has no socket for the shaft—merely a hole bored into the heart of the copper. 
It was found April 8, 1904, 5.25 feet below the highest edge of terrace A, which 
practically corresponds to the absolute level +35 feet. But since the layers 
in terrace A fall with the present surface of the hill toward the northern plateau 
extension, they are to be considered in relation to the horizontal strata of the 
