MINOR ANTIQUITIES FROM CULTURE I, LEAD AND BEADS. ES77 
pelly, corresponded to the layers between +43 and +48 feet of the upper digging, 
and was therefore wholly in the region of the younger culture IV. In full accord 
with this is the fact that the pottery fragments found from April 11 to 14 in terrace 
A belonged for the greater part to the younger pottery of red clay, while only 
isolated specimens of that made of gray clay were observed. It was not till April 
15 that the gray ware appeared more often. 
The three other finds of iron from terrace A came from still higher layers. 
Of these, the fragment of a sickle (S.K. 22; fig. 290; plate 309, fig. 5), was found 
on April 9; that is, deeper than the above three-edged copper arrow-point. <A 
four-edged bar (S.K. 25; fig. 291; plate 39, fig. 6) was found on April 11 between 
+27 and +31 feet, and at the same time some indeterminable fragments (S.K. 35). 
Two other finds were made—a piece of a knife (S.K. 2, fig. 292) in the upper 
digging 1 foot 10 inches below the surface, and some fragments (S.K. 109) in the 
outer digging, about 2 feet deep, in the neighborhood of the pithos found there 
im situ. This closes the list of iron objects found in the Anau kurgans. 
(c) LEAD. 
Objects of lead were found only in the middle layers of the North Kurgan. 
They belong, therefore, to the oldest culture epoch, I. Indeed, lead was made 
into objects of ornament, and stands, therefore, on 
a par with copper. This is shown also in the forms. 
Such ornaments of lead are found among the burial . 
gifts in the burials of terrace 1 at +22 feet 5 inches. 
Like the copper ornaments, they occur in the form C ali 
of cylindrical spirals and cylindrical tubes (N.K. RN 
Pestle 4203, piate, 4o, fig: 3; and N:K. 185; fig. 
Zox-splate 36. fie 1). 
Of the lead spirals, which belong tothe burial gifts 
with skeleton 13, the largest has six windings, appar- 
ently fully preserved. Of the other one pictured, \ 

only 4.5 windings are preserved; a third one, not 290 (x 0.4) 
pictured here, is broken and much bent. The lead 
tubes from the burial gifts of skeleton 14 differ from 
the analogous copper tube found with them in that iS Ee 
they are wholly closed on the sides (c/. the above- 
mentioned spiral tube with fig. 237). 
291(X0.75) 292(X0.4) 
(d) ORNAMENTS OF STONE, CLAY, AND FAIENCE. 
FROM LOWER AND MIDDLE STRATA OF NORTH KURGAN, CULTURE I. 
Beads.—In the list of burial gifts of the lower and middle strata of the North 
Kurgan there were, besides copper and lead ornaments, numerous beads. Very 
peculiar and primitive are six turquoise beads which were found, with two small 
drilled snail shells, with skeleton 17 at —8 feet in the shaft of the east gallery (cf. 
N.K. 113; fig. 295; plate 40, fig. 7). They occur in two forms, are nearly bean- 
shaped, and, like slides, are pierced transversely (fig. 295). Stone beads of 
