HUMAN AND ANIMAL FIGURES, CULTURE III, SOUTH KURGAN. Wel 
(f) IMAGES OF TERRA-COTTA, CULTURE III. 
Besides numerous ornamental and useful objects of bronze, stone, clay, 
and bone, the middle strata of the South Kurgan have yielded numerous figures 
in terra-cotta—tepresentations of men and animals—in burnt and unburnt clay. 
The greater part of the finds comes from terrace B, from the deeper layers of the 
terrace, among the skeleton graves; from the level of the clay chest; and from 
the layers of débris of the remains of buildings found there. In the upper digging 
only three such finds were made between +25 feet 5 inches and +40 feet—two 
clay idols and an animal figure (S.K. 57, 175, and 83). 
Human figures.—Unfortunately, no perfectly preserved human figures were 
found, though the fragments certainly show a praiseworthy attempt to express 
the modeling of the human form. All the specimens in hand are in the round; 
and they are clearly naked, female forms. 5.K.  gijoco5) 419005) FORE ers 
285 (plate 46, fig. 9) represents a small min- (<~\ me <7 
iature-like figure, without indication of sex, Fa ‘. 
but certainly a shortened human form. Only 
the trunk is represented; the stump-shaped 
arms, of which the left one is broken off, being 
raised and extended. Of the face only the 
nose is represented by a projection and the 
eyes by small depressions. In all the other 
figures the female breasts, and in most of them < SX 
also the navel, are clearly expressed through 
plastic forms. The position of the ears is bored in the frag- |, 
ment (S.K. 174; plate 46, fig. 14). A modeled neck ornament | 
is shown on the torso (S.K. 286; plate 46, fig. 13). S.K. |. 
313 (plate 46, fig. 11) shows the head of a larger figure, in | 
which the face is indicated only by a strong projection of the 
nose, while in $.K. 57 the head is shrunken to a stump (plate 46, fig. \ 
15). 0.K. 252 (plate 46, fig. 12) was roughly kneaded of unburnt 
clay and was found in the clay chest of terrace B. S.K. 339 (plate 
46, figs. roa and 100) shows the greatest progress in the modeling 
of forms and in the accentuation of detail. It is represented in front and rear. 
Particularly striking is the strong development of the hips, while the legs run 
together in a point. The private parts are brought out in a particularly realistic 
manner by punch-marks, and the type of the whole figure differs from the other 
examples in the pendant position of the arm. 
Ammal figures.—Figures of animals are much more numerous, even though 
preserved only in fragments, in the above-mentioned layers of terrace B. Unfortu- 
nately, however, the condition in which they reach us is so bad that their identifi- 
cation with different animals is only rarely certain. In isolated cases we can 
recognize horned animals, probably oxen, as in S.K. 327 (plate 47, figs. 1a and 1b). 
In other cases, other animals may also be meant (S.K. 344; plate 47, fig. 3, and 

S thes 
416(<0 5) 415(X0.5) 




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