182 THE ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN ANAU. 
Among the implements, the sickle from culture III (fig. 274) is worthy of 
remark. It differs in its form from all European types ofsickles (cf. H. Schmidt, Die 
Bronzesichelfund von Oberthau Kr. Merseburg, in Zeitschrift f. Ethnologie, 1904, 
pp. 416 ff.). The characteristics of the sickle of Anau are the smooth surface of the 
blade and the form of the tang or haft, the end of which is bent backward. ‘The 
same peculiarities I find, in contrast to the European types of the bronze period, 
only on the sickles from Troja which belong to a hoard (P) (Depotfunde) of the VI 
city (Cat. Nos. 6137-6139 of the Schliemann collection). 
Striking, too, is the knife-blade with a square hole in the handle-end without 
any particular forming of the tang, found in culture III (fig. 271). I find similar 
formless knives occurring only in the Altai-Ural bronze age, of which the stock of 
types has been brought together by Aspelin (Antiquités du Nord Finno-Ougrien, 
figs. 184-187, 214-217) and by Radlof (in the Materiali po arxeologie Roccii, Nos. 
3, 5). 1892750). DO 2 plats st bi 
Therefore, while we are able to show several instances of the relation of Turke- 
stan with the western and southern discovery districts, the connections with the 
north seem to have been very slight and rare. 
Of course, the established equations do not suffice for chronological determi- 
nation, because we have here to do for the most part with types which were in use 
for a long time. Among the remaining finds from the four successively flourishing 
cultures of Anau there are only two objects which might be used for an absolute 
chronology, and these only with grave reservation. ‘The engraved stone with 
representations of a man, a lion, and a griffin (fig. 400) is undoubtedly imported, 
and has been brought only from Western Asia to Central Asia. Possibly the route 
was the same as that of the connections with the Trojan sphere. 
In forming an opinion concerning the stone, two points are to be considered— 
the form and the representations. As regards form, three-sided stones, drilled 
longitudinally, have, as is well known, been found in Crete; they have picture 
writing on all three sides and belong in the beginning of the early Mycenean 
development.* With these stones ours has in common only form. ‘The repre- 
sentations on ours differ wholly, not only from these stones inscribed with picto- 
graphs, but also generally from all Cretan seals and so-called island stones (Insel- 
steinen); and they point to another center of origin. ‘The so-called Hittite stones 
are also of another kind, both as to technique and sphere of representations, and 
belong surely to a younger epoch of the Oriental art of engraving on stone. No 
other analogies are known to me. I can only surmise that the stone of Anau points 
to Asia Minor. With Assyro-Babylonian representations it has nothing to do. 
The griffin seems to me to point more to Syrian origin. As regards its age, of course 
nothing definite can be said; but the form and the very awkwardly formed repre- 
sentations indicate for it a place in the II millennium B.c. The analogy with the 
Cretan stone would bring into consideration the time of the XII Egyptian dynasty, 

*A. J. Evans, Cretan pictographs and pre-Phcenician Script, p. 19, fig. 20, a, 6, pp. 21 ff., 55 ff.; 
Journal of Hell. Stud., x1v, 1894, pp. 270 ff.; Further Discoveries, in Journal Hell. Stud., xv, 1897, pp. 
327 ff. Cf. Furtwaengler, Geschnittene Steine im Antiquarium, Nos. 57, 58, and Antike Gemmen, 111, 
pp. 27 ff. 

