184 THE ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN ANAU. 
200 arrow-points of different kinds. I was able to observe numerous examples 
of the three-edged forms in the museums of Kertch and Odessa. They all came 
from the old Panticapeum and from Olbia. I saw them also in the Ermitage 
at St. Petersburg among the finds from the kurgans of Nicopol and Alexandropol. 
The compilation of the types from the Crimea is given in §. Reinach, Antiquités 
du Bosphore Cimmerean (plate xxvU, figs. 11-19). Inthe atlas accompanying the 
papers of the First Archeological Congress in Moscow (1871, plate xv, figs. 1-45), 
are represented those from the older finds of Alexandropol, Kertch, and Olbia. 
Especially important are the well-observed finds from the contemporary Scythian 
graves in the museum of Kieff. The types occurring here are represented synop- 
tically in the Khanenko collection (Antiquités de la région du Dniépre, 11, plate v1), 
The collection of Count Bobrinskoi contains also finds from the region of Smjela. 
(Compare his publication (Russian) on kurgans and occasional archeological finds 
in the neighborhood of the village of Smjela, plate Iv, figs. 5, 7; vI, figs. 4, 5, 10, 
14). 15/520). 
Further east we find, in the district of Kuban, in the steppe lying north 
of the Caucasus, the kurgan of Karagodeuachkh, with brilliant burial gifts of the 
fourth century B. c. (Matériaux pour l’archéologie russe, x11, plate vu, figs. 
5 to 8). These appear also in the Caucasus. Examples from Tsthetschma are 
published by R. Virchow (Das Graeberfeld von Koban, pp. 88 ff., figs. 32, 33, 34). 
Count Zichy also collected them in the valleys of Baksan and Tschegem (Voyages 
au Caucase, II, plate x11, figs. 6-10. Text by B. Pésta). As far as I know they 
have not been observed here in graves. In the older iron stage the two-winged 
type were here still in use and also in the necropolis of Samthawro near Tiflis (E. 
Chantre, Rech. anthropol. dans le Caucase, 1, plate 47, figs. 4 to 7). The three- 
edged types appear here to be younger than the hitherto known Caucasian necrop- 
oli of the post-Mycenean epoch. 
These types may have come to Transcaspia from the South Russian point 
of origin, along the same route by which they finally advanced to Siberia, some- 
where northward around the Caspian Sea. In any event, they were known 
earlier in Central Asia. I found in the historical museum at Moscow a collection 
with representatives of both the types above named, labeled “from Caspia and 
Transcaspia.”’ 
They have been collected also in the neighborhood of Bokhara. ‘The Indian 
division of the Royal Museum fiir Volkerkunde in Berlin possesses all sorts of 
surface finds from that region, including small objects of the most varied form 
and significance from different epochs, and among them different types of arrow- 
points of bronze and iron, showing representatives of both of the above-named 
principal types of the three-edged arrow-head. They may have come into that 
frontier region of the classic world with the Greek culture in the Hellenistic period. 
There is thus a third possible way in which the three-edged arrow-points may have 
come to Turkestan. They are known also from Persia (cf. Polak, Mitteilungen 
der Wiener anthropologischen Gesellschaft, xiv, 1884; Sitzungsberichte, p. 28, 
figs. 23-25). They are said to have been abundantly found on the champaign 
