THE SEPARATE EXCAVATIONS IN GHIAUR KALA. IQI 
Indeed, the remains of structures were wanting. Between the depth of 17 feet 
5 inches and 20.5 feet, there were found two bronze (?) arrow-points, one of them 
of the three-edged type, which we had already found at Anau. 
At a depth of 20 feet 6 inches, a second terrace of 7 feet width was established. 
At 21 feet 4 inches there came to light the remains of a house with walls of sun- 
dried bricks, with a horizontal layer of ashes and charcoal extending through it. 
The accompanying sketch (fig. 423) represents the section clearly marked on the 
three walls of the excavation. The burnt layer represents the level of the floor of 
the house. 
At a depth of 26 feet it was necessary to establish a smaller terrace on the 
east side. On the west side of the now restricted excavation very loose earth was 
encountered, causing the workmen to suspect the presence of a caved-in well. 
Lastly, at 40 feet 4 inches, there occurred a well-shaped depression, which at a 
depth of 7 feet opened into a horizontal subterranean passage, 7 to 8 feet wide and 
of unequal height, though apparently not more than from 3 to 3.5 feet high. ‘This 
passage ran first for 12 feet in a north-northwest direction, then in a general north- 
northeast direction, and, as is clearly visible, is connected with the floor of the 
South wall 
i) 
> 
> 
rs) 
if 
a) 
——— a 
East wall 

= 
WEST WALL Diagram plan 



EAST WALL 
SOUTH WALL 



AVENRS SS = 
- j ‘Ss nites SSS OS = 9 Se 
WAM PASSED CON, DURE Bricks and clay 7s 
Te ie 






Ashes and charcoal <—_—_—_ 25:0 
' 

Fig. 423.—Elevation of Sides of Upper Digging at Depth of 21 feet, to show Layer of Ash and Rubbish at Bottom of Excavation. 
house above by means of the well-shaped depression already mentioned. In the 
section one can see clearly how this depression was filled in from above. It must 
formerly have been empty and have formed a means of communication with the 
subterranean passage. That this passage is the work of man is shown by the 
traces of the instruments with which the walls were made. In places it is cut 
through walls of sunburnt bricks. Fragments of sunburnt bricks lie scattered 
in the dried mud left by the occasional passage of water. Besides these, there 
are also the teeth of camels and a human skull. These were probably brought 
in by animals which in later times may have used the passage as a cave or place 
of refuge. Our attempt to reach the passage by gallery 1v, on the declivity of the 
hill, did not succeed. After the examination of the subterranean passage, work 
was stopped in the upper digging. 
To the three periods of the upper layers we must therefore add a fourth. 
As it lies considerably—approximately 13 feet—deeper than the brick pavement, 
it becomes a question whether it belongs in an older culture epoch. Such exca- 
vation problems can be solved only through the pottery. Now, the pottery that 
is represented in the upper layers occurs also in the middle layers, the masses 
