Ey Eee x1 
DEPTH OF THE GLAZED WARE IN THE CULTURE OF AFROSIAB, 
ANCIENT SAMARKAND. 
As I was requested to ascertain the depth of glazed ware in the culture of 
Afrosiab, the site was examined in July and again in November. In almost all 
quarters the site is furrowed by steep-sided gullies, many of which cut through 
the culture into the underlying loess; and though in some of these gullies a certain 
amount of digging would be necessary to determine accurately the total depth 
of culture, their sides give ample opportunity to measure the depth of glazed ware.* 
In the second examination, also, data were obtained in trenches dug in the summer 
of 1904 by Dr. Barthold. 
The surface is so complex and the systems of gullies are so numerous that 
without the map of Afrosiab it will be impossible to designate here the loci of 
observations. Therefore, a general statement of findings must do, with a number 
of illustrative measurements. | 
In neighboring gullies on the east side of the high middle ground that extends 
towards the citadelf were noted: (1) Depth of culture, 15 feet 7 inches; depth of 
glazed ware, 3 feet. (2) Depth of culture, 9 feet 7 inches; depth of glazed ware, 3 feet 
2 inches. (3) Depth of culture, 35 feet +; depth of glazed ware, 4 feet rr inches. 
Near the east wall: Depth of culture, 9 feet +; depth of glazed ware, 5 feet. 
On the west side of the middle ground: (1) Depth of culture, 21 feet; depth 
of glazed ware, 3.3 feet. (2) Depth of culture, 25.5 feet; depth of glazed ware, 2 feet 
ro inches. (3) Depth of culture, 13 feet 5 inches; depth of glazed ware, 3.5 fect. 
Dr. Barthold’s shallow trench at the west of the citadel does not show the 
bottom of culture. Along its sides the lowest fragments of glazed ware noted 
were from 2.75 feet to 3.5 feet deep. 
The culture, which from the bottom up contains broken unglazed pottery 
(often in large quantities), shows great variations in depth. Glazed ware, on the 
other hand, shows but slight variations in its extreme depth at different points. 
But all fragments found at a depth of more than 3 feet or so were isolated in culture 
containing many fragments of unglazed ware; and it should be added that, com- 
pared with the quantity of unglazed pottery, glazed ware was nowhere found 
in abundance at much more than a foot below surface. Here, perhaps, is evidence 
that glazed ware, as we might expect, continued for some time after its introduction 
to be extremely rare. 

* In places, however, care was needed not to mistake for culture a thin coating of mud which, having 
washed down the side of the gully from the surface, sometimes contains bits of glazed ware at points below 
the occurrence of such ware in the culture proper. My first note here in July recorded as lying in culture 
16.25 feet below the surface a fragment of glazed ware which I was afterwards convinced must have been 
embedded in surface-wash. 
+On the citadel itself no relevant data can be obtained without digging, and the same is true of 
the modern Sart cemetery in the southeast corner along part of the south side, where the condition of the 
surface ground is very different from that in the anciently abandoned quarters. 
213 
