326 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN DESERTS AND OASES. 
trained eye there are pronounced terraces and others which are distinguishable 
by careful sighting only. Some slight accumulations have resulted from Turko- 
man irrigation, while large areas formerly irrigated by the Anau-li and abandoned 
only 50 years ago are now dissected with gullies 15 feet deep and over that in 
width, and other areas of Anau-li fields are still growing under Turkoman irriga- 
tion. Asa whole the irrigation deposits of our Anau delta lie within an area spread 
out from its apex to irregular limits near the railroad. In its central portion this 
accumulation, exposed by a gully down into its underlying floor of natural sedi- 
ments, attains a thickness of 15 to 20 feet, but from there outwards terraces down 
over broad fields with 2-foot drops. 

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Section 





Fig. 486.—An Abandoned System of Irrigation Terraces. 
The old through route of East and West crossed the middle of the delta and 
so determined the boundaries of Anau’s ancient fields along it that a bluff from 1 
to 4 feet high of irrigation limits follows much of the way along its southern side. 
Other irregularities are found in shallow rounded troughs, whose heading branches 
fade into the plain obliterated by more recent irrigation. ‘These are old canal- 
ways, bounded once by fields aggrading on either side while they remained unsilted 
till abandoned, now slowly losing shape. Each kurgan and the citadel has split 
the irrigation stuff around it, thus in part protecting an area directly north or 
