CHAPTER XVIL. 
Ordo CARNIVORA. 
CANID&. 
The Canide are abundantly represented among the bones from Anau; never- 
theless their determination is not always easy. The animal of which we find 
the best-preserved bones, both complete skulls and bones of the trunk and of the 
extremities, is the fox. 
Canis vulpes Linneus, Vulpes montana (2?) Pearson, (See plate 71, figs. 3-13.) 
We find in the Anau kurgan two skulls in a very perfect state of preservation 
and 12 bones of the extremities as well as cervical vertebre. Thus we can make 
an exact determination of this animal. 
As the measurements of the following list will show, the foxes of Anau were 
not as large as those of Germany, but are closely similar to a recent fox from 
Tor on the Red Sea, whose skull is preserved in the Museum at Bern. The neolithic 
fox skull of the Swiss pile-dwellings of Schaffis is also smaller and nearly agrees 
with another skull from Sinai. The size of these fox skulls must not be taken 
as indicating a difference in species, however, for it is quite possibly attributable 
to a difference of age and sex. 
Pearson,* in describing his Vulpes montana, which probably occurs also in 
Turkestan, was not able to show any osteological difference between it and the 
common fox; the only difference being in the skin. Thus we may assume, though 
without possibility of confirmation, that we have here also the mountain fox 
(Vulpes montana Pearson), which is surely only a variety of the common fox. 
The bones here shown are certainly not those of an interloper of modern times, 
as one might suppose from the perfect state of their preservation. They are, 
to judge from the structure of the bone material, as old as the other bones of the 
Table of dimensions (in millimeters.) 





NaN Tibia, Radius, 
Extremity bones. —6 feet, 426 feet, ey feet, +23 feet, 
No. 392. No. 871. Ds: No. 560. 
MRR Me Wee retary soe o Balas prne ile airs ew alee a8) «Sino hols 112 126 123 bgt 
Se ter iC LORUMNAL CNG arden ae Sperm daten os 58 3 21 24 19 14 
Wemeterot proximallend. ony. sists se eta tei 7 8 21 20 
Warttirot tiediai part same 2s yisesyriaia sels 3) ace eo. 6 7 5 6 
Pemerer OF median Parl. <5 ..2.66 seep ewe a0 5 6 6 7 
Witdthiotr distal "MG as) ae ct sietrs se sreke sinner e aie a 17 18 12 18 
Mramietenordistalvend ty. cays yote eke enatetaieise cre et 18 21 8 13 











*On the Canis vulpes montana, Bengal, Journal Asiat. Soc., Iv, 1835, Pp. 324. 
345 
