CAVICORNIA. Crt 
Now, Anau lies just at the foot of the Kopet Dagh and within the area of 
distribution of Ovis vignet arkal; it is, therefore, most probable that we have 
to do with the remains of a mountain sheep still living in the Kopet Dagh and not 
with those of an inhabitant of the broad steppes of Persia and Asia Minor. We 
can, therefore, reasonably exclude the Ovis orientalis, 7. e., the steppe form of the 
wild sheep, from further consideration and say logically that we have before us 
Ovis vignet arkal Lydekker. As I am not able to give a direct comparison of our 
horn-cores with the original skulls of the Kopet Dagh sheep in the British Museum, 
I shall take for comparison two skulls of Ovis vigner that are preserved in Berlin 
and London, and shall contrast them with the measurements of the Ovis ophion 
of Cyprus and the Persian Ovis arkal seu orientalis. From these measurements 
it results that the agreement is closest with Ovis vignet cycloceros of the Punjab, 
and that the difference in dimensions of the two recent Ovis vigner skulls from 
Ladak and the Punjab is more noticeable than that between the skulls of Anau 
and all the others here brought into comparison with them. 
Table of dimensions (in millimeters). 

North Kurgan, Anau. Punjab. 









| | Ovis pl oie | era oh lea 5 
. us as VES 
Skull. secon e phion, | vignet, | arkal, 
—21feet. | —15 feet. | + 26 feet. Mus. : Mus. No. 666, Mus. 
Berlin, | London. | London. Paris. 
Greatest width of frontal bones......) 125 Lege Wr | ee Ua) 125 145 134 
WeAStE WILE VOI Satie) ia a etter ce 4) «0 | OSM ees: auth ee 94 93 Cir 98 
Front line between: base of horn-cores.| 2, Tate se 17* | 22% 18* 25% 
Back line between base of same...... | re tad oe 89* 103* 133* 118* 
Greatest width of occiput........... al Waotaes ae 78 79 96 | 88 
Weastewidth: Of SAMC..c.6c.¢.c.00 2056 | 55 oer Arlee Sr 60 62 58 
Greatest height of same............. om, era acanes 56 64 64 | 54 
Wereteeroit Of SAMIE = 5.65/86. wine: sue 43 42 47 52 46 
Greatest width of parietals.......... 91 82 80 89 83 
Measts width of Sameiio......<s.5c.- | 57 51 54 60 BG 
Parieralemeroht 2s rem aecn . oh oss. 7] 30 eee 23 33 30 39 
Longitudinal diameter of horn-base.. . Beast ie Noe el he 70 95 85 
Longitudinal diameter of base of 
PUITSECOLE A pecs. fale sacs cs PAs 62 | 70 67 52 54 63 58 
Transverse diameter of baseofhorn...) .... | .... netics 44 ive =| 69 58 
Transverse diameter of base of horn- | | | 
TT Da, 2 aaa ee 45 | Soe Ga 32 2a 44 {1 
Circumference of horn-base......... oe Rare See 195 205 | 200 200 
Circumference of base of horn-core... 180 200 | L7Oan 175 180 | 180 180 
Betoun Ot mOrm-COLr@ se we seine nl ee eet 250 | | 220 
Distance: between, joints... 6. ae oe « © 310 360 | 
| 



* Measurements taken on the horns, and not on the horn-cores, 
It is clear that we have here a wild sheep that corresponds excellently well 
with the Ovis vignet. The horn measurements given by Lydekker for the Ovzs 
vignet of the Kopet Dagh, if applied to the horn-cores in the manner followed 
with the skulls already mentioned, would correspond to a longitudinal diameter 
of about 70 mm. and a transverse diameter of about 54 mm., and would, therefore, 
agree very closely with the horn-cores of the Anau wild sheep from the culture 
period Ta in the depth of —15 feet. 
