378 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU. 
The second race is the fat-tailed sheep (Ovis aries platyura), whose long, 
limply hanging tail, reaching to the heel joint, is surrounded by a mass of fat, 
which has, however, no great size. The rams of this race are horned; the ewes 
for the most part are hornless. The horns of the rams are not very long, nor 
particularly thick; they are three-sided, with rounded edges, of which the inner 
one is always sharper. ‘They rise slightly above the crown of the head and wind 
sideways and backwards from the root, forming then a simple helical turn down, 
forwards, and upwards, while the points turn somewhat inwards. 
In the neighborhood of Anau the Afghan Maimene breed predominates. 
It is a sheep of excellent flesh of large growth. The wool is long and coarse, and 
the tail long. The animals are in part horned and in part unhorned. In the 
other parts of Transcaspia the fat-buttocked sheep (Kurdjak breed) predominates. 
If now we visualize these forms of sheep, we can express the following ideas 
concerning the derivation of the hornless sheep of the culture-strata of the copper 
period of the North Kurgan, though these ideas can be but speculations. 
The hornless sheep may be: (a) a female of the previously occurring form, which 
we have designated Ovis palustris and whose horns had reduced in size; or, (b) a 
hornless race introduced from somewhere else with the camel and the goat. The 
sudden appearance of several hornless frontal pieces argues for the last hypothesis. 
As we shall see, there appeared another domestic animal at about this time or in 
the + 32-foot layer—the camel, of which no trace was found in all the earlier 
layers which have been so carefully searched. At the same time we meet another 
domestic animal, the goat (Capra hircus riitimeyert Duerst). 
The camel, the hornless sheep and the goat are, however, the animals found 
in the later South Kurgan, where there are few traces of other sheep. 
Table of dimensions (in millimeters). 




Length Superior Width at Length of | Diameter of 
z : width. collum. articulation. | articulation. 
SCAPULA: 
North Kurgan, Anau: 
= 8 feet..cc nic hee eens Se sees 21 35 23 
— 8 feets 22 unser meee ets 19 a2 21 
~$ feet. j<. hele eres ce ae 17 27 19 
=" fet: nee oe ere ee 17 2 19 
=i! feats iene en nro ero ins 19 30 20 
4-1-7: feet 52: setae ors we 18 38 20 
+19 feet. ieee eee =% 20 33 19 
4-225 feet .8e.es ee Bee a 29 32 ie 
4-23 feet. 5 leacks cede od, 21 32 20 
+26 Teetiw:. ose cee ee $e 16 21 22 
1-26 Teetvenk Gaderer a 17 28 20 
Thala sel Calder, arbi wi Ae ae 21 35 oe 
32 Leetonia ee 17I 110 20 35 22 
$232 SECC cee ac cca eee aie 18 Bo 21 
33 feeto nen ee 2 34 24 
+ 92: feet ey. sae eee 20 Bt 19 
32. fet. tastin gee eas arate 22 33 25 
+132) TREE ss pons, es ee 5 a 28 18 
a3 2° fGGtE ae ee eee: 18 2 20 
32) feet tern: sree ae ee 7, 27 20 
| Ovis artes palustris, Nalps, coll 
Duérshet ee ee eee | 172 115 20 29 21 







