382 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU. 
ANTELOPINZ. 
Gazella subgutturosa Gueldenstedt. (See plate 76, figs. 1 I-13 and plate 84.) 
Several of the best-preserved bones of all the layers belong to the Gazella 
subgutturosa Gueldenstedt, the small but beautiful antelope that still lives in Persia 
and Turkestan. There are both horn-cores and teeth, parts of lower jaws and 
extremity bones, which make the presence of the animal very evident. It occurs 
frequently from the lowest layers below the level of the plain to the summit of 
the kurgan. 
It is clear that this swift game was successfully hunted by the inhabitants 
of culture period I of the kurgan. Assuming with Mucke,* that the wild animals 
of such an early period would show no great fear of man, it nevertheless seems 
strange that they could be killed without the aid of the dog, and it is probable 
that a dog, if not the same as the one we find in the higher layers, existed also 
at the earlier period, although no bones were discovered. 
The great hardness and the absence of cavities in the horn-cores have served 
well to protect the remains of this animal from destruction by tooth and time. 
The color of the horn-cores is different from that of the inclosing earth, ranging 
from dark-red to light-yellow. In the following table are given the dimensions 
of some of these in the order of their position in the kurgan and in comparison 
with the measurements of the head of a modern individual. These animals are 
also represented in the sculptures of the ancient Assyrians (plate 84). 
Table of dimensions (tn millimeters). 















; 2 Width of Circum- 
Diameter Circum- Length. 
Horn-cores. Length. | anterior to Fraeaeies ference | frontal of ae ference 
posterior. lameter| on base. between sheet of horn- 
horn-cores. ‘ base. 
North Kurgan, Anau: 
=~ 2 feet... sci 45 vemme ees 160 30 22 89 14 
m= Te TOCE ic Misctiee + bin wee eet 155 30 22 go elete 
—(9 Leet s.2. magic we bye eee 175 31 21 90 
8.5 Te@tinc .t.ad.50 pee 145 38 27 105 
Ais teeti... ocak acs is Mame 165 34 24 100 
seo B7- TORE enews oy enn 165 32 24 92 
27 feet sk Keen tee ae 210 at 23 90 
-30 feet. xa siieseare eee 170 34 24 94 
Gazella subgutturosa, stuffed 
male adult specimen, Mus. 
Betn fase ee eee eee eta ia ste 34 25 ates 15 
CERVIDA. 
THE STAG OF PERSIA. 
Cervus sp. [maral Ogilby{(?)]. (See plate 76, fig. 10.) 
This great deer is represented by the remains of an antler. The main branch 
has been knocked off with a sharp instrument and only the crown or burr remains. 
The circumference is 25 cm. In the European stag from the Schlossberg I found 
24.5 cm. in eighteen antlers and 19 cm. in twelve. It is probably C. maral Ogilby, 
but for lack of material this can not be proved. 


*Mucke, Urgeschichte des Ackerbaues und der Viehzucht. Greifswald, 1898. 
Gray, Cervus wallichit. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 228, 1840, p. 11. 
