ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 397 
If we compare these heights of the withers with those of some known sub- 
fossil and fossil horses, we obtain the following picture: 
Diluvial horse: cm. 
iWesterevelnzatcecs Nehring get erin cia iki cite «i 155 
HERA en  RIreM CTI OMe ne Ge aude dite ac cies ee 151 
SibetiawVanaeRivers diterelscherskiree- oir acre din ce ee 146 
SolutrewaltersGaillardita andes et ie ihe Tenet once oak 125 
Subfossil horse: 
Sapetr (Pron re ARC) es ek et he Pie easels e ae ev Ws see heme 149 
ICMUEMISIET FN SCE ADE rian eerie ity oieisie sacle. 4a. <.se oon, wbx <2 146 
Petersinseli(bronzejace) iin nace vate cies lala & ee siete se: 142 
Peg LENS Cie ASO) erate tania a sah ls Be os, oie er le vie a 141 
ANVerier (Dipnte APC). H. es. os. ocho. oo. eat eee kes 138 
PATIATIM( TE OMEMIC a 2) preg ments rene ticret erodes alah sins Alvev atts Aumreaheaiks 137 
Aielkanals(Drouze-1tOn Age)ie.. et van ae rie sass oo 58 seal 136 
Sehlosshery Megmes, oe vec tee eer eran eA ie ope ek CIN dey eo eanees 118 
The horse of Anau belongs, therefore, to the smallest of the prehistoric domestic 
horses and also, as we have already seen, to the most narrow-footed. It shows 
in this respect a most remarkable agreement with the so-called Helveto-Gallic 
horses, or the iron-age horses of Europe. 
We can now summarize the characteristics of the Anau horse in the following 
terms: While its dental system shows certain characters, leaning closely to those 
of the fossil Siberian horse—characters which according to certain authors belong 
only to the group of Occidental horses—it shows, on the other hand, characters 
which belong to the purely Oriental horse group. In the characteristics of the 
extremities, also, in common with a small percentage of the fossil Siberian horses, 
it ranges itself wholly on the side of the group distinguished as Oriental horses. 
We can, therefore, consider the Anau domestic horse as an altogether Oriental 
horse resembling the Siberian equine only in the structure of the teeth. The Anau 
horse is, therefore, the oldest domestic Oriental horse. I designate it, in dis- 
tinction from other forms of subfossil horses, by the race or subspecies name 
Equus caballus pumpellii mihi. It is, however, difficult to say to what extent this 
subfossil horse resembles the equine from Maragha which Wilckensj from the 
data of a few incisors and molars, has named “Equus fossilis persicus.”’ The 
material at Wilckens’s disposition does not suffice for a careful comparison. Fur- 
ther, such careful manifold enamel plications as recur in Equus fossilis persicus 
are not observable on the 60 or more molars examined by me in Equus caballus 
pumpellit. 
' As has already been stated by Tscherski (p. 356), the study of a large number 
of teeth of similar Siberian horses shows a wide range of variation in respect to 
enamel plications, the extremest types seeming to stand so far apart that, if one 
were to use only the enamel plications as a basis, two or three different species 
might be established. 
Is it not possible that Wilckens has given too little value to the variation 
in Hipparion, which is chiefly represented in his material? I can, therefore, regard 
the existence of Equus fossilis persicus Wilckens only as very problematical! As 

* Written communication. 
Op. cit., p. 280. 
