
414 
THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOUS RELATIONS. 
of the enamel of the Anau horse stands midway between the Siberian horse of 
Tscherski and the diluvial horses of Rutimeyer, on the one hand, and on the other 
hand, the subfossil horses now before me from Hostomitz, Auvernier, Schuet- 
tarschen, and Konigsfelden, which have a much simpler enamel plication than 
animals of the modern heavy Occidental races of exactly equal age. 
THE SKULL AND ITS PROPORTIONS. 
In beginning the study of a horse’s skull one asks instinctively: was the skull 
large or small? 
Indeed the length of the skull gives a very good rule for deter- 
mining the withers-height, and thereby also a provisional classification of the horse. 
It is accepted that heavy horses have the largest heads, and that light Oriental 
horses and ponies have the smallest skulls. 
I shall not speak here of the methods 
of taking the measurements, and will only refer for these to the rule drawn up 
by me in association with Professor Kraemer at the request of the Deutsche 
Gesellschaft fur Zuechtungskunde, which will soon appear. 
Since it is possible to calculate with approximate accuracy the length of 
the skull from any of its measures of length (the longest measure possible being 
preferable), I have calculated this for all the incomplete subfossil skulls before 
me, from the proportions obtained from 50 skulls that the molar row stands to 
the basilar length as 10 : 28, and to the anterior length as Io : 31. 
Length of skulls (an millimeters). 






Length | Length 
| Length | Length of 
on base. anterior | on base. anterior 
face. | face. 
| Clydesdale horse, after Nehring. | 574 62: | Equus przewalskii, after Salenski: 
Horse from Boulogne, coll. | } NO:25218'5.c:0-04 9) sras.c mee on EO 543 
Duerst:./:. cen = oe eee 543 618 | NQiS2 720 a oe ce a ee | 472 528 
Diluvial horse from Nussdorf, | Neolithic horse, Kutterschitz....| 487 543 
| after Woldmehiaee see ae 555 | Alemannic horse, Kénigsfelden..| 490 536 
_ Diluvial horse from Remagen, La Téne horse, Hostomitz....... 470 O77 
alter Nehring: “2051s ene 528 | 562 | Arabian horse, from Abassii, | 
Schuettarschen, horse of the | | | after Nehring 35. as sees 476 520 
iron time (Hallstatt) .......| 506 | 560 | Indian horse, after Nehring...... 438 492 
_ Arabian horse, after Nehring...) 500 | 540 | Auvernier, bronze time horse. ... 436 485 
| Thoroughbred British race | | Subfossil horse from Gera, after | 
horse, coll. Duerst.........) 496 | 538 || Nehring sfiyknciue ocr | 
Anau horse, calculated, 5 years | | Exmoor pony, 15 years, after 
Old ...25 eae tee eens eeeeee 492 545 | Webring: tin. wer etc tt tee 
Equus przewalskii, after Salenski: _ Neolithic horse, turbary, Somme 
No. S213 cee oe eee | 485 542 | (France) a: ede te crea 
No, 52 8Ose ae ok ae oe ee | 495 547 1) Ass from Abadieh?. pe sei see ac 
No. 5214 484 538 | Ass from Aden, British Museum 


It follows from this comparison that the Anau horse had a skull of about 
the same size as Equus przewalsku and that the other Bohemian subfossil horses, 
like the Alemannic horse of Konigsfelden, stand very near the Anau horse and 
In contrast, it appears that the horse of the 
bronze age from Auvernier has a very notably smaller skull, but still smaller is that 
of the subfossil horse of Gera and Spandau mentioned by Nehring. And smallest 
of all is the skull of the neolithic horse from a turbary of the Somme in France, 
being smaller than that of the smallest Exmoor pony in the Berlin collection; 
Przewalski horse in size of skull. 
