THE SKULL OF THE PREHISTORIC HORSES. AI5 
and yet this little animal seems fully adult; in this we may see an explanation 
of the errors of Sanson and Rutimeyer. 
The next question relating to the skull of a horse must concern the indices 
of ear-load (Ohrbelastung) and of parietal curvature (Scheitelkruemmung). 
Unfortunately I am not able to produce here a very comprehensive tabulation 
of these indices on prehistoric horses, since I am able to verify them only on the 
skulls actually before me in natura. 
Table of indices. 






| 
| ‘ 
Far-load index. | Parietal crest | 
Facies tangent. Lesbre. SNe) Uke index: 
TN. te Be2. Br. } Be. Car. Gey 
Equus przewalskit, male, 3 years............. woes: 15 25 ee 23 —7 a 
REMC ELSC MIGZ a eee ctatac sr ctcgt eaeucia aie fee sts Ae Bees pre We eens se. 2 
RE ESE Sige IIUU cee oh stale a ucls< 2 «Fao cal pie ule wishe od 20 17 i et a er 30 
PCHVELTALSCH ETI = setae area cmasediok estes = Gs 20 ity) 22 18 —7 23 
ANTERTES GON Clr es fs Sg RE ee een aaa 23 a: 7 Sled dae ag —7 25 
MDOSSeed Ort IMIS OKI ieagaae in cisin tials 3) edeisoss 3 Ore) 15 24 a 20 —7 22 
HPameNeHe: | MUIS4 DCL ec crinere ees sisies net « 21 15 Ae 9 ake —7 22 
PHICSCEEZ eee FP. sie Crime rece Peas wie eTdiene wesc | 4 4 22 II —6 22 
oC ERS ot ie CU Dec ne eb ane ir anne 21 10 25 14 —5 18 







Still more important in discriminating between different races of horses is 
the relation of breadth of forehead to length of skull. We know that, as Sanson 
has shown, the ass and the Oriental horse as well as the ponies are broad-fronted, 
while the heavy Occidental horses are usually narrow-fronted, as are also the 
quaggas and zebras. The following table, based on Nehring’s method of deter- 
mining this relation, exhibits the order of the skulls of the different races, when 
arranged according to size. I must remark that, in inserting the frontal width of 
the Anau horse I have calculated this approximately from the palatal width, 
which is determinable. The palatal width is to the frontal width as 10:21, 
which I obtained from a series of 20 Oriental and 10 Occidental skulls; at the 
same time I ascertained that this ratio is always greater in the Oriental race than 
in the Occidental. 
Ratio of basal length to width of frontal bone. 
EGE: 
Ass from Abadieh (Egypt) mummified skull, 5 years, male........-........... 210 
DScitt Onl PAG ene cAra ia) ssavegromiciial Cae) ire eran cl. einer rns ereltch ik 9222 
HOrsentOmerceiancdmalter: Nelrino wOLd a Ialeoe ami eiernennett ena taiaicieleie n22 1, 7 
Horse from attire of cbcipsee, alter Nehring c.c- Gch) k os be see oot wee ad 223 
PopseirommatunoaLya Oracle? sommes (Hance) eeueri cies oe. cles vA ogee ans) e) sicpe as 230 
Morsenromlceland tatters Nehring ,onvearsetialevyariia ss ceila iis sine ce ie cae. 230 
HorsedromeArabiawalters Nehring: Si veats ailales migaeiel eases nei abe eres so 230.7 
FLOTSEELt ONES 120 UES RV CALS ep tmnaicie a marae Oe ae Sia eeareie lakh? o. viscaieiers main casts 0.0232 
Horsetron Gillbrandsdals(skatia)y alteneNeunnpn serra. sates cieere te re oe ees 232007 
ES OUUSEDTZEWOISR ID walters Oalensklis ees owe flep goes ciate av. ke peice dueietals ais ies ese) «1 232-244 
Horse from Kalmukia, after Nehring, 4 to 5 years, male...................... 239 
Horse from Auvernier, Switzerland, bronze time, 6 years, female............... 240 
Horse from Grisons (Switzerland), after Nehring, 8 years, male................ 241 4 
Horse from Schuettarschen (Bohemia), Hallstatt iron time, old................ 241 
Horse from Kutterschitz (Bohemia), 12 m. deep in earth, neolithic............243 
Horse from Pinzgau (Tyrol), after Nehring, 10 years, male...................4. 242 
Horse from diluvium of Remagen (Rhenania), after Nehring..................249 
Horse from Hostomitz) (Bohemia), La Téne, 4 years...........-.2....5:0s-5 253 
WorsefromsPimzranecryrol) atter Pranks O1yearsy malesuada sce oc 254.6 
Horse from Grisons (Switzerland), after Nehring, old, female..................255 
