416 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOUS RELATIONS. 
We see here that the skulls from the Somme, with a ratio of 230, stand in the 
same class with those of the Iceland ponies and the Anau horse, together with the 
Arabian horse and the smallest specimens of Equus przewalsku. Here, too, comes 
the Auvernier horse of the bronze age, and it agrees well with a Kalmuk horse of 
Nehring’s series; but the Bohemian horses all belong to the narrow frontal class. 
Nehring, in his table of this ratio finds the smallest index, on a real horse, 
on a Turkestan mare brought from Bushed by von Schlagenweit; her index was 
only 212. He calls broad-fronted all horses with indices up to 240, and narrow- 
fronted all above this. 
Tscherski, as we have seen already in the general discussion, distinguishes 
also medium-fronted horses, among which he includes all with indices between 
226 and 240. If we would avoid the expressions broad and narrow-fronted, it 
would be better, as Eichbaum has mentioned, to use the terms “ dolichoprosopic”’ 
and ‘‘brachyprosopic’’ than ‘‘dolichocephalic’’ and ‘‘brachycephalic,’”’ since it 
is not the brain-cap but the face that varies. 
The diluvial horses of Germany appear at once to have been narrow-fronted, 
while those of Siberia, of Tscherski, and the Equus przewalsku of Salenski were the 
medium-fronted. With these we must rank the horse of Anau, and there remains 
only the question as to where the horses of Solutré and Kesslerloch belong. San- 
son wished to count them among the ‘dolichocephali;’’ he is, however, opposed 
by Fraas, who ranks them with the Wiirtemberg fossil horses as short-headed. 
The studies of Studer* and Heschelerf also, as regards the Swiss horses, have 
supplied no valuable data concerning the shape of head. 
BASILAR AND PALATAL REGION. 
I can not leave the discussion of the skull without touching upon Frank’s 
proportion of the basilar-palatal region, although this dimension can neither be 
directly measured on the remains from Anau, nor calculated with approximate 
accuracy. I have determined the value of this index (which is also influenced 
by the ear-musculature) in discriminating between ass and horse, and I remark 
that Salenski as well as Nehring considers it of the greatest value; yet Nehring 
asserts that a real ass, Equus teniopus, resembles in this respect a horse. But since 
this index is a weakened repetition of the ear-load and parietal-curvature indices, it 
is better to use the more delicate method; however this may be, a brief review of 
this index in our horses is given in the following table: 
From From 
foramen vomer to 
magnum sutura 
tovomer. palatina. 
Equus asinus from Sarepta, 5 years, after Nehring.................. he 95 
Equus caballus, Exmoor pony, 35 years, after Nehring............. CR 9g! 
Equus asinus, East Africa, alter Nehting2). ic... «- 09. «as ea ede TOE: 88 
Equus caballus Auvermieten -4 orcs ieee ee ethene ine eee 102005 8100 
Equus caballus. Kitterschitz.4 css ce set at here een TOR: 94 
Equus caballus Turkestan, 10 years, after Nehring ..................-. ise 96 
Equus caballus Schuettarschen, Hallstatt time..................055 130. 28) 2 100 
Diluvial horse; Remagen) after Nehring’. oe ee eee eae TAO Le 


*Studer, Die Tierreste aus den Pleistocaenen Ablagerungen des Schweizerbildes bei Schaffhausen. 
Neue Denkschriften Schweiz. Naturf., 1902. Die Knochenreste aus der Héhle zum Kesslerloch bei 
Thayngen, ibid., 1904. 
{ Hescheler. A written communication from the author from a study not yet published, received 
with many thanks. 
