
















THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES. 417 
Table of dimensions (in millimeters). 
¢ = 4 Equus caballus pumpellit. e janie 
vrs Pile- Al eer caballus 
3 om Turbary | dwelling | 2Utbary| Bronze | Turbary ian ae Cath robustus 
Skull. cs". of yesh of yon as of Kut- | time of | of So- Kae “ie N 7 £0". |Hallstatt 
e208! Gomme ice terschitz} Hosto- | brusan Fac eso time of 
ies, : : (Bohe- | mitz, | (Bohe- oe ‘: | Schuet- 
32.4) France. | (Switz- mia). |Bohemi . (Switz- |Salenski.|, h 
S erland). : ohemia| mia), erland). arschen. 
emma lett hin G840. 20). 6 sites ves 449 |407 477 543* 497* 528 560* 
ReMMRRMRRPOIO UN Se econ 8 cc's nO oe oo « 389. (396 |....1 436 487* erin 453* 472 506* 
Lateral length of frontal bone.......| ..-- |151 |170 | 169 185 ere: 157 I9I ate 198 
BEL AMOIAIS 6 hie cn oss dns gst 6 as 62 | 59 67 84 79 rene 72 81 
Penetn of premolars... ..... 66.0505 BO bess class 81 89 89 gI ee 
Aen ecu ol diastema c: «4 <ss.s ns oc sos. 5A OO since 89 Me oe 97 
Tie OE ee 200° {189 j.a<+| 233 : 267 seas 
Length of dental series of lower jaw..| 141 |....|... 159 = ohare 178 
Length of diastema of lower jaw..... 58 81 74 
Width of ascending branch of lower 
ooo Ane ee ee LOOM | tele eves LOT ae 25 sford S850 
Greatest length of lower jaw........ SSAME Aero est bP 52 needa ye Nini ae 421 ieee 
Penreworirontal..i- 22.0. ee... es LOZ |U7Sulesa-i LO7 244 210 189 225* 250 245 
Greatest height of skull............ OR No arlene) eaete preieys S06 116 115 246 119 
Greatest height of occipital.......... 89 | 85 | 82 85 ue 74 89 III I10 
Least height of occipital............ 62 | 60] 55 57 me 47 52 ee 62 
Greatest width of occipital.......... 106 | 99 |102 94 sete 89 109 II4 108 
Least width of occipital............ Owes <tc 54 chop Be 49 60 Sear 67 
Weastawicth of frontal. s.<.:0n.< 6. oc ss 7 LOAu EO 81 84 80 74 72% 88 go 
Greatest width of frontal.......... 185 |167 |174 | 182 200 188 168 184* 202 209 
ester between interior corners of 
Ga a a eee PIGMVISHLIT4 rls I 132 II 114* I 
Width of brain-skull between tem- a ; : ; ig 
DOL ee ne ty ears tena ahan eee atal'e s efore as 99 | 89 100 110 110 99 I1O 110 
Width between oral ends of crista 
EMMIS eT or Ia7 Ok woke ce yc tks 138 |133 |132 148 162 150 148 vo 165 
Width of corpus premaxillare....... G2 aed Omar s 62 ay ete Agee 74 ise 
Greatest width of nasalia.......... QOMIESA atte ta are 110 Stole 90 Ee 112 
Width of palate between molar 3...| 93 Then) 9/5 98 87 gl ome 95 
Width of palate before premolar 2...) 44 | 47 |.... 61 58 ae oh ney 








* Not exactly measurable. 
THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES. 
Referring to my comparative treatment of the bones of the extremities, in 
chapter xvi, I will, to avoid repetition, lay stress only on such characteristics 
and dimensions of these bones as are of importance to our discussion; besides, I 
will add the tarsal and femoral bones, which were omitted in the earlier discussion. 
We have already noticed the marked slenderness of the scapula of Equus pum- 
pellii, a feature which Frank* has already pointed out as a characteristic of the 
Arabian-Oriental horse. Particularly noteworthy in comparison with the scapule 
of the diluvial horse of Kesslerloch is the slight convexity of the contours of the 
bone at the collum; the edge of the articulation and the tuberculum supraglenoidale 
on the one hand and the squama on the other hand project very little over the 
straight line; this helps to produce the general impression of great slenderness. 
From this it is clear that the Roman horse of Vindonissa was almost as large as 
a recent horse of Pinzgau. 

*Frank, Anatomie der Haustiere, 2 Aufl., p. 210. 
