THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES. 421 
are about alike. Equus prezewalsku is, according to Salenski’s measurements, 
somewhat larger; the two tibie from Vindonissa, on the other hand, which are 
larger than those of Equus stenonis, are almost equal to those of the horses of 
Cardammone and Westeregeln. 
TARSUS. 
Calcaneus.—My material consists of two calcanei from Anau, one calcaneus 
from Hostomitz (bronze age), one calcaneus of Equus przewalskit juv., one cal- 
caneus from Solutré. While Hensel* finds characteristic features only on the 
processus anterior, Major and Rtitimeyer and Kowalewski name the articular sur- 
face for the cuboideum as the most important. As in the Pliocene horse, so in 
the horse of Anau the articular surface for the cuboideum is remarkably steep, 
in contrast with the horses of Solutré and Hostomitz. Equus przewalskit also does 
not show as steep a position of this facet. The back, narrow part of the cuboid 
joint, which in Equus caballus is often separated from the forward part, forming a 
facet for itself, is connected in one of the Anau horses and in the horses of Solutré 
and Hostomitz in the same manner as in Equus stenonis and Hipparion, while one 
of the calcanei from Anau shows a condition similar to that of the horse. 
Table of dimensions (in millimeters). 






: Method of Sal- 
ee eae. enskiand Nehring. 
Calcaneus, tse Greatest 
Ten : Greatest| Least | poste- |Greatest|Greatest 
gth. |Jation of |~ - af ‘ : 
cuboid- | Width. | width. rior | length. | width. 
ae, width. 
(| 105 31 12 10 8 
TATE UR od roe ie Sl oot arar ye ie Bom anor aaa i 100 32 12 aay c es He 
DOLULOm eae ete otetiss ts cisierm aise wicis/ ee 100 33 12 5 6 aaa arnt 
Equus przewalskit .......00...eeeees 92 31 i 4 5 100* 60* 
EL OSLOUIALZ tem eres cen ars Porte cee er cbe tas Tee's co 100 30 Ie 5 4 5 
ES UAL SESTCNO MIS mien steele suere ere atone cate e 108 34 1B Oo 6 a 
ASS neo Pe) aicleors tials of cunt raralale gions, ait 107 35 T2005 Hite 5 
Cardamones. vast eis vere ele cine © hse 112 37 1345 aes 9 Spc gers 
iesslerloéhia ck Stwes oe cys ottspom ys i diates.< 112 ee state Gye) es oe tre 52-54 
GRAVE 5 cee shee Sctals ecctpcs wee wo ss eisai eats Sore aeiete oer 104 Be 
IWiESCETE DEL Ii lercter. i cies cts sve meyiotene ai sll te eters eee ee eri wy er et os re 55 
SS ATIC AUN ae aoe sts sims oe pond namirond te. nuct a Lae ears eset ae EGON gI 38 








The other articulating surface, for the astragalus, mentioned by Riitimeyer 
on the inner edge of the processus anterior, which latter, according to Major, is 
strikingly small and isolated in the ass and mule, is here large and connected with 
the facet lying above it. On the other hand, in the horse of Solutré it is isolated, 
and in that of Hostomitz extremely narrow but connected. 
The measurements, which were made conformably to those of Major, confirm 
what is said above, and according to them a certain primitive relation must be 
ascribed to the horse of Anau. 
Astragalus.—For the proportions of the astragalus the reader is referred to 
the measurements given on page 395. I repeat here only because as regards 


*R, Hensel, Ueber Hipparion Mediterraneum. Abh. Kaiserl. Akad. d. Wissensch. Berlin, 1860, 
