456 HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN. 
Broca has obtained an index platycnemicus to characterize this feature, by 
expressing the width-diameter of the tibia in percentage of its sagittal diameter. 
He and most of the later investigators took these two measurements at the height 
of the foramen nutritivum, since in most cases the flattening diminishes further 
down. Some data are given in the following table: 
Index cnemicus. 






Groups Investigator. Index 
Modern French;-male®, sano: amie see eee aie tae Manouvrier 74.5 
Lothringer 1 (before the XX ‘centtiny) = oi. one sale eee Manouvrier GALT 
Lothringer. Il, malevand females ere. a rene tte e Manouvrier 2 ad 
Negroes; different: ofigins..73.5 os och eames ain ten ee ee Manouvrier 2 ae 
BajuUvarsicwn: Mois cab os. seiritselt, a eke cesueietes 3 Mae aek st t ower Lehman-Nitsche 2 ae 
Senoi-and Semangi.: ct ss.cniee cate ete ret eee Martin about 67 
Negrito, maletand female Saas tern eee Manouvrier 64.5 
Nesrito, male and temale, ivy. . cheer. crt seat ees ctr Manouvrier 64.7 
Negrito,;male/and female, LI 2 ye erneiclet oie aeaereene Manouvrier 65.7 
Andamanese, male (measured in middle of diaphysis).... Flower 64.7 
New<Caledonians.c).7. Aoc senes ae neebeei tie erence ote Manouvrier 63.5 
PATIO. be atalino tek oe rele oie icortehcs Snee aetc erea ee Ne eae Koganei 6255 
Dolmen of Port Blane. 70ers ee eye Manouvrier 63.3 
Dolmen of Port Blamc Tvs gerne sere el tree tei Manouvrier 64.3 
Upper Galitormia Indians ie walter tee ee Manouvrier 63.7 
Upper California Indiang Tl soa ne es casne ner eee Ue 2 Manouvrier 60.2 
Upper Calttotnia Indians UL et ye eas aie st teres Manouvrier 59.2 
Upper California: Indians LV joa. s <eviteeh octet te aera Manouvrier 62.7 
Prehistoric tibies.of Feigneux. 3 i..45> 000+. cenn aeons Manouvrier 62.8 
Weddas, males). 6 hn ces mai ieee eet arene Sarasin 60.5 


Thus our Anau tibia with an index of 61.5 approaches the extremest form 
that is found as a mean value in a race. 
As was remarked above, platycnemy is usually most pronounced in the upper 
third of the bone. On the other hand, P. and F. Sarasin found in the tibize of the 
Weddas that the flattening extended over the upper two-thirds. It is so also in 
the Anau tibia. Instead of diminishing from the foramen nutritivum (fig. 494, b), 
it increases downward, so that in the middle of the diaphysis (fig. 494, c) we find 
an index of only 61.1. 
The already mentioned curvature of the tibia forward, which is not rarely 
connected with platycnemy and has shared with this and with the pilaster formation 
of the femur the fate of being declared rachitic, is clearly expressed on our tibia 
(plate 95, fig. 5). Also, the posterior surface is more concave than is usual, for 
instance, among recent Europeans. 
In order to measure the amount of this curvature for comparison with others, 
one must lay a straight line from the lowest point (the tibia lying horizontal) 
below the tuberosity to the deepest point above the edge of the distal joint and 
measure the height of the ante or edge above this line. This method gives with 
our tibia a height of 7 mm. Since the distance between the two above-named 
points is about 230 mm., we find, by expressing the height in percentage of the 
chord, an index of 3.1. Unfortunately no investigations, so far as I can learn, 
have been made of this peculiarity of form, which we might use for comparison. 
Only Manouvrier mentions that he found it in the Guanches together with platy- 
