HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN. 459 
The relief of the bone is well elaborated, the crista interossea standing clearly 
out, especially in its upper part. In front and parallel with it there runs a depres- 
sion through the proximal two-thirds, which shows itself also in the cross-section 
(fig. 494, b). There is scarcely an indication of a crista posterior. 
The measurement of the torsion angle gave 26°; but in view of the extremely 
great variability of this characteristic it can scarcely have racial importance. 
That these upper and lower leg bones come from the same individual is so 
certain that I may base on it an investigation. If we compare the length of the 
tibia with that of the femur, we find a femoro-tibial index of 84.9. In doing 
this we have measured the length of the tibia without the spina intercondy- 
loidea, but have included the malleolus, and have used the length of the femur 
in its natural position. Ina similar manner the following values were found: 
Purapeans (Topinard)... ... ve. s. ose 80.8 | Andamanese (Flower)................ 84.5 
iiropeans(hlowef): ie.kt od cose ae es 3 S21 Nevroesi(Hmmphtey hy rs cies ec ce eee 84.7 
Pregians (Mattiny Giese 5 ov cease ce mss Somom MeAtStraanss(MIOWeE)ie te cele inc ie < ols.0) 5 84.9 
For Senoi Martin found (1905, p. 642), by applying the condylo-astragal length 
of the tibia and using the results of Turner, Duckworth, Annandale, and Robinson, 
a mean value of 81.7. If we apply the method of these authors we shall have 
an index of 82.8. The race to which this Anau individual belonged is to be called 
moderately dolichocnemic; that is, the lower leg is relatively long in proportion 
to the length of the thigh, a peculiarity which presents itself as a primitive charac- 
teristic not only in that it occurs more often in primitive races, but especially 
because the new-born European has also a relatively long lower leg. 
Of the fibule we have unfortunately only a few short fragments from which 
but few inferences can be drawn as to their complete form. Therefore we content 
ourselves with the presentation of a statement of the absolute measurements, 
which will be found in the appended tables. These bones also show that sharply 
expressed modeling which seems to be a characteristic of these Anau individuals. 
The talus also shows several points of interest. In the first place the consid- 
erable development in width. If with Leboucq (1902, p. 144) we take the length 
of the talus from the highest elevation of the head to the sulcus pro musculo 
flexori hallucis longo =100, then the width from the lateral point of the fibular 
facet to the most medial point of the processus posterior left =82.5. This index 
amounts, according to Leboucq, in the mean among Europeans to 77.0. Martin 
found it for Senoi =79.5 and 80.9. The Spy talus has 91 (Leboucq). Thus we 
find here, too, an approach in this Anau skeleton to primitive forms. Next, the 
narrowing of the trochlea at the posterior end. According to Volkov’s deter- 
minations this narrowing seems to belong in a higher degree to primitive races. 
Also among new-born Europeans it is strongly marked. If, according to Volkov’s 
method (1903, p. 695), we take the anterior width as roo, the relative width of the 
posterior end is among— 
New-born Europeans...:......esse0+. OL ay cers OVAIOS F016 2. vale s key 6 elses =e 79.0 
Wa panese, MUalES Are sielasiaetlereels siete le AMS ao ly MesiAtsmiAleS mcrae sister es)e'e's cheers) = 79.4 
Negritos; malesacccs acne tm e Orne ects Aen Tel USKAIN OSIM ALES Heres, «aise iene slolene.es = © 6 80.3 
ANIStralians ptrlales erties a eierateters) oetste eas Ae a ES ODCRNS EMALCS i.e vis fo is vias «Wess Sra3 
Melanesians stialessan we fisctcie iets: Gee MIE OLOES SINGLE ercia's. ch ons a6 0s «tas 60,85 81.9 
Weddas = males eects sritewn sarectcuste sts ots hee 
