464 HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN. 
Determination of the heights of the other individuals is not possible, because 
we have not, even for Europeans, the correlation of the measurements of the bones 
of the foot with bodily size. Still, we can judge from the size of these bones that 
the height of individual II was between that of I and III, while individual IV stood 
between III and V. Therefore, Anau I is to be considered above the average 
and Anau V relatively small. 
Since it is customary to look everywhere for pygmies, we might attempt 
also to construct a dwarf race out of our individual V. ‘There are, however, several 
obstacles. In the first place there are no differences present that would warrant 
our assigning individual V to a different race from individual I. In the next place 
the difference between V and I may be due to a considerable range in size, such 
as we find among many races. A further reason for considering this the correct 
explanation is that we fortunately have intermediate forms, which constitute an 
unbroken series. We realize this best when we place side by side the preserved 
metatarsi I of at least four individuals. In plate 96, fig. 4, the missing meta- 
tarsus I of individual II is replaced by a bar of its presumable height. 
A satisfactory comparison, or even a racial diagnosis, is naturally impossible 
in view of the scanty material at hand; all the more so since in the bones of the 
extremities functional influences come so strongly into action that it is difficult 
to distinguish between peculiarities due to such functional action and those inherent 
in the race. 
But even if we disregard all those characteristics for which a functional 
cause is thinkable, there remains still a number which can with great probability 
be traced back to the race, and which differentiates these Anau individuals at 
least from the recent European, with whose skeleton we are better acquainted 
than with that of other races, and assign it to a primitive form. More we can not 
say from a study of the bones at hand. The problem would be much more simple 
if more abundant material, especially skulls of adults,should be found. This seems 
to be a possibility, for the condition of the preserved pieces allows us to assume 
with certainty that there are preserved many more of these interesting bone 
remains than have been collected. 
