SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN NORTH KURGAN. 489 
the left upper arm (all that remained of that member) stretched back of the 
body at an angle of about 40° with it. The right upper arm bones were absent, 
but the lower arm was traceable, extending along the main axis. The little that 
remained of the cranium showed the sutures still open and the walls of almost 
paper-like thinness. (See fig. 540.) 
Skeleton No. 11.—From the last skeleton which occurred on the south slope 
of the kurgan I was summoned by the workmen, who had come upon remains 
again in terrace II at +22.5 feet. This burial, which I have numbered 11, proved 
to be that of a child lying contracted on the right side, with the main axis running 
southwest and northeast. I found no traces of the right leg or right arm; but 

uJ 
i, 
1 
(Semen —— 
sins 4) | i — 
~~ a a 
Fig. 540.—No. 8, Terrace VIII. Fig. 541.—No. 11, Terrace II. Fig. 542.—No. 14, Terrace II. 
the left knee was drawn up at a right angle, and the left upper arm ran parallel 
with the vertebre, the elbow being bent so that the hand lay out at the level 
of the pelvis. (See fig. 541.) From near the collar-bone I took out 58 small 
white stone beads (N.K. 114), many of them double-conical. One larger white 
stone bead of a cylindrical shape (N.K. 114, plate 4o, fig. 2) and 11 flat beads of 
red carnelian (N.K. 114, plate 40, fig. 2). 
To reach this skeleton it was necessary to remove a hearth-like layer of hard- 
burnt earth topped by a layer of ashes 1 to 3 inches thick; and after the bones 
had been lifted I came upon a similar hearth beneath, extending over about 
4 feet square. 
Skeleton No. 12.—In the same terrace (11) and at the same height, 22.5 feet, 
but about 5 feet north of No. 11, we uncovered a child’s bones lying in the position 
now so familiar—contracted on the right side, with the main axis southeast and 
