71% 
v 
y which every thing may be faid, and 
may be faid rapidly. 
The Telegraph from Paris to LIsLe 
is repeated 18 times in the interval. The 
firft is eftablifthed on the principal pavil- 
lion of the Louvre. It has been found, 
by experience, that when the operators 
are prepared, a fignal, which is executed 
by a fingle movement, may be tran{mit- 
ted from Paris to Lifle, and back again, 
in the courfe of a few feconds. 
The machine is compofed of the long 
indicator, A B, fufpended by its middle, 
like the beam of a pair of fcales. At the 
extremity of the large indicator are the 
fmaller ones, A and B, of which one of 
the branches only is vifible at a diftance 5 
the other branch ferves merely to carry 
2 counterpoife, as P. That thefe indi- 
cators may be at once folid and Tivht, 
and afford lefs draught to the wind, they 
are formed by a chafe, the interior of 
which 1s furnifhed with little, oblique, 
and feparate, boards, which, however, 
being feen in front, appear contiguous. 
The great indicator is turned upon its 
axis, and the leffer ones upon their’s, by 
“means of pullies, which aét by metallic 
cords. The cords conneét with~ the 
eabinet beneath the machine, and are 
there attached to other pullies, by which 
the whole is moved. 
It is eafy to find the number of fignals 
poffible to be made with this telegraph ; 
for if we confider the great indicator as 
being fixed, we fhall find that every 
{mailer one may diftinétly take five dif- 
ferent pofitions ; two where it makes a 
right angle with the great mdicator ; 
two where it makes an angle of 45 de- 
grees, and one where it falls back upon 
the great one. Three other diftinét po- 
fitions might alfo be created ; one where 
the fmall indicator would be horizontal 
with the great one, and two where it 
would make with the fame an angle of 
135 degrees. 
The leffer indicators, then, confidered 
as fingle movers, will furnifh five times 
five, or 25 fignals. As the great indi- 
eator, however, is alfo a mover, there are 
25 times as many fignals as this indicator 
has diftinét pofitions. And as it has but 
four diftinét pofitions ; one horizontal, 
one vertical, and two inclined, there are 
in all four times 25, or one hundred 
finals. 
The Telegraphs in the lme from Paris 
‘to LANDAU are not yet completed: the 
‘firft of them is ereéted cn a pavillion of 
the palace of the Tuilleries. A fixed 
French Telegraphse 
vt Nor, 
black bar, 50 feet long, is fupported by 
four uprights. This bar carries five in- 
dicators, fimilar to the fmaller® ones, 
No. I. Two of the pofts which fupport 
the bar carry each a fimilar indicator. 
Thefe {tven indicators are moved by 
pullies, in the ufual way. is 
Each of the indicators may take feven 
diftinét pofitions ; two vertical, four in~ 
clined, and one horizontal, for thofe which 
join to the bar; and one vertical, four 
melined, and two horizontal ones, for thofe 
which join to the uprights. “Fhe number 
of combinations is 7X 7X7X7X7X7X7; 
which gives the aftonifhing number of 
823,543 fignals. This number, whick 
is eight thoufand times larger than that 
of the fignals of the firft telegraph, is, 
doubtlefs, more than fufficient. It will 
allow them, however, to abridge confide- 
rably the telegraphic language, and te 
tranfmit whole phrafes at a time. 
It muft be admitted, that the Ene- 
LIsH TELEGRAPH is confiderably in~ 
ferior to the telegraph, No. I, fince, al- 
though it has twice as many indicators, 
it furnifhes far fewer fignals; the reafon 
of which is, that every indicator can 
only admit of two diftinct changes. The 
fignals are, of courfe, more complicated, 
and require more time in their operation. 
For example : cafes occur, wherein, in 
paffing from one fignal! to another, it is 
neceflary to change all the indicators, 
and to execute fix movements at once. 
-The French telegraphs, above men- 
tioned, may be ufed by night, by attach- 
ing to the indicators lamps or Hambeaux, 
which, by their pofition, may render that 
of the indicators confpicuous. The tele- 
graph of the Louvre, which communi- 
cates with Lifle, already carries lamps. 
Thofe of the line of Landau are alfo te 
be provided with them. 
To fuch a pitch of tmprovement 
is this new art already carried, by the 
means of which thoughts may be com- 
municated from one extremity of the 
ftate to another! This difcovery may 
one day, perhaps, become advantage- 
ous to individuals as well as to go- 
vernments; and the prefent ingenious 
procefs give way to one infinitely more 
perfeé&. The rules we are to follow, 
in order to exprefs ideas by figns, will 
furnifh a curious fubjeét of refearch to 
thofe who fhall make it their bufinefs to 
inveftigate the analyfis of the human 
underftanding, This may lead to the 
moft rational philofophical grammar. 
We muft learm to exprefs, by tele- 
graphic 
rR 
