






PREFACE. 
Of these varieties or variations, a certain number, of which the 
characters and synonyms are given immediately following the 
synonymy of the species itself, are assumed to be of sufficient import- 
ance to claim botanical recognition on account of certain marked 
peculiarities of structure, or the remarkable nature of their monstrous 
deviations from the normal or type forms. 
Besides the above, however, a considerable number of less strik- 
ing but for the most part permanent and constant variations from 
the specific types are known to occur. These are included in the 
complete enumeration of varieties which forms the conclusion of 
the chapter devoted to the several species; and while it will be 
apparent, from the subordinate position assigned to them, that no 
botanical importance is claimed for most of them, yet they are so 
highly prized by Fern-cultivators, and Fern-admirers generally, as 
to deserve record for their especial behoof. The rigid scientific 
botanist or pteridologist may perhaps experience a scientific shudder 
as he scans the long series of named forms which we have had | 
occasion to record under some of the species; but he must recollect, 
that if recognised and recorded at all, names are absolutely necessary 
to prevent general confusion ; and recognised they most undoubtedly 
are by not a few who derive agreeable recreation, either in seeking 
them amidst enchanting rural scenery, where both mind and body 
derive benefit from the pursuit, or in tending and preserving them 
in their ferneries and rock gardens. 
It is to be remembered that the variations here spoken of, 
though sometimes slight, are often in other cases very marked, and 
are for the most part constant and appreciable. They by no means 
frequently occur as mere monstrosities, but even when so, they are 
in general permanent, and renewable from the spores. A consider- 
able number of these varieties have been figured. 

