THE MALE FERN. 
THE MALE FERN,or COMMON BUCKLER FERN. 
LASTREA FILIX-MAS. 
L. fronds lanceolate, subbipinnate or bipinnate; pinnules oblong, 
obtuse or acutish, serrate crenate or inciso-lobate, the basal ones 
more.or less distinct, the upper confluent; serratures not spinulose ; 
indusium convex, persistent, (and except in abbreviata and pumila) 
without marginal glands. 
一 (type) subbipinnate; pinnules oblong, obtuse, with a broad 
attachment or connected at the base, crenate-serrate (chiefly at 
the apex), green beneath; sori usually extending from the base 
about half the length of the pinnules. [Plate XXXII.] 
LASTREA FILIX-MAs, Presi, Tent. Pterid. 76. Deakin, Florigr. Brit. iv. 103, 
fig. 1609. Babington, Man. Brit. Bot. 4 ed. 421. Sowerby, Ferns of Gt. 
Brit. 19, t. 9. Moore, Handb. Brit, Ferns, 3 ed. 102; Id., Ferns of Gt. 
Brit. Nature Printed, t. 14. Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 2 ed. 197. 
PoLYPODIUM FILIX-MAs, Zinneus, Sp. Plant. 1551. Bolton, Fil. Brit. 44, t. 24. 
Hudson, Fl. Ang. 458. 
POLYPODIUM NEMORALE, Salisbury, Prod. 403. 
ASPIDIUM FILIX-MAs, Swartz, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800, ii. 38 ; Id., Syn. Fil. 
55. Smith, Fl. Brit. 1121 ; Id., Eng. Bot. xxi. t. 1458 ; and xxviii. t. 1949 
(excl. text) ; Id., Eng. Fl. 2 ed. iv. 275. Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 45, t. 44. 
Hooker & Arnott, Brit. Fl. 7 ed. 585. Mackay, Fl. Hib. 340. Bentham, 
Handb. Brit, Fl. 629. Fee, Gen. Fil. 291. Flora Danica, t. 1346. Svensk 
Bot. V. 51. Fries, Sum. Veg. 82. Hooker, Fl. Lond. iv. t. 40. Willd. 
Sp. Plant. v. 259. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. iv. 105. Mettenius, Fil. Hort. 
Bot. Lips. 92, t. 18, fig. 7. Lowe, Nat. Hist. Ferns. vi. t. 18. 
ASPIDIUM BLACKWELLIANUM, Tenore, Att. Accad. del. R. Inst. Sc. Nat. Nap. v. 
(reprint 9, t. 3, fig. 9.) 
ASPIDIUM NEMORALE, Gray, Nat. Avr. Brit. Pl. 7. 
POLYSTICHUM FILIX-MAs, Roth, Fl. Germ. ii. 82. De Candolle, Fl. Frans. 
ii. 559. Koch, Synops. 2 ed. 978. Ledebour, Fl. Ross. iv. 514. 
NEPHRODIUM FILIX-MAs, Richard, Cat. Med. Paris, 1801, 120. Hooker, Fil. 
Exot. under t. 98. Lowe (R. T.), Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. vi. 527. 
TEOTARIA FILIX-MAS, Cavanilles, Preelect. 1801, 251. 
DRYOPTERIS FILIx-MAs, Schott, .Gen. Fil. (sub. t. 9). Newman, Hist. Brit. 
Ferns, 3 ed. 183, fig. b. 
LoPHODIUM FILIx-MAs, Newman, Phytol. 1851, App. xx. 
Var. incisa: fronds robust, bipinnate ; pinnules elongate or pyra- 
midate-oblong, acutish, deeply inciso-lobate, the lobes serrate; sori 
usually oceupying nearly the whole pinnule. [Plate XXXIII B.] 
LASTREA FILIX-MAS, v. INCISA, Moore, Phytol. ii. (1848) 187; Id., Handb. 
Brit. Ferns, 3 ed. 103 ; Id., Ferns of Gt. Brit. Nature Printed, t. 15. 
Babington, Man. Brit. Bot. 3 ed. 410. 
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