THE COMMON SCALE FERN. 205 
County, J. R. Kinahan. Kilkenny: Marble quarries at Kilkenny, 
Dr. Mackay. 
Munster.—W aterford : between Clonmel and Waterford, E. New- 
man; Ardmore, on clay slate, J. R. Kinahan; and many other 
parts. Tipperary: Lorrha, rare, J. R. Kinahan ; Nenagh, common, 
J. R. K. Clare: Castle-Connel, E. Newman; Tullagh, J. R. 
Kinahan; and elsewhere. Cork: Fermoy, E. Newman; Cork; 
Youghal, on clay slate, dom Kinahan, &e. Limerick, E. Newman. 
Kerry: about Killarney ; near Valentia, rare, J. R. Kinahan. 
Channel Isles. Jersey. 
This Fern does not apparently extend further north than Scotland, 
but it is spread thence over the centre and south of Europe, through 
Holland, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, 
Portugal, the Balearic Isles, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Transyl- 
vania, Greece, and Turkey, to the Russian government of Tauria. 
In Asia it is found on the Siberian side of the Ural Moun- 
tains; in the Caucasus; in Armenia at Erzeroum ; in India, at 
Kashmir, Affghanistan, and Thibet, and at Kulu in the Punjab. In 
Africa it occurs at Algiers, as well as in S. Africa ; and in Madeira, 
the Azores, the Canaries, and the Cape de Verd Islands. According 
to .Kunze it is also found in Brazil. The Ceterach canariensis of 
Willdenow is much larger in its parts than even the largest forms 
of our English plant, and is probably a distinct species. In this 
latter we have found the indusium to be sometimes more evident 
than in the common British plant. 
The Ceterach grows with tolerable freedom in rough porous soil, 
which should consist of sandy loam, and should contain a consi- 
derable amount of fragments of limestone, or old lime or mortar 
rubbish. It must be kept rather dry than otherwise, and must never 
be subjected to a confined damp atmosphere. It may be cultivated 
in pots, for which its smail size well adapts it; or it may be advan- 
tageously planted out on rockwork, if. the situation is not too damp 
and confined. The plants are very impatient of having their fronds 
wetted, when grown under artificial coverings. Some cultivators 
recommend the use of old cow-manure, and altogether a more liberal 

