¥706.] 
of ; thus faving the expence of fuel, by 
making the coais themfelves, from which 
the tar is to be extracted, furnifh the 
neceflary degree of heat. 
IV. Manuracrory oF Harts. 
In February, 1794, a patent was 
granted to Mr. Jofeph Tilftone, of New- 
caitle, for the exclulive ufe of Aid-bair in 
manufacturing hats.—Vol. I. p. 1. 
The third volume of this work, con- 
tains a very ingenious paper on the me- 
chanifm of felting, by M. de Monge, 
extracted from the Annales de Chimie.— 
* VolLMib. p. 261. 
V. MANUFACTURING OF PAPER. 
Under this head, we find an extract 
from the Tranfactions of the American 
Philofophical Society, containing an ac- 
count of Dr. Franklin’s, of the Chinefe 
method of making large fheets of paper. 
The praétice is to build of brick, lined 
with plafter, two vats rather larger than 
the intended furface of the paper; be- 
tween thefe vats is erected a ftove, with 
two inclining fides, each fide fomething 
larger than the fheet of paper ; they are 
‘covered with a fine poliihed ftucco, and 
heated by a fmall fire. The mould is 
fufpended by pulleys faftened to the. 
ceiling; and to the end of the cords ts 
attached a counterpoife, nearly equal to 
the weight of the mould. Iwo men 
lifting the mould out of the vat, turn it 
and apply it, together with the ftuff for 
the fheet, to the fmooth furface of the 
ftove, at the fame time prefling out a 
great part of the moifture; the heat of 
#the wall foon evaporates the reit, and the 
operation is finithed ; and as the ftove is 
furnifhed with two pclithed fides, and 
there are two vats, the fame operation is _ 
performed by two other men at the other 
vat, and one fire ferves.—Vol. I. p. 41. 
In November, 1794, a patent was given 
to Mr. Cunningham, of Edinburgh, 
for an improved method of making pa- 
per, which confifts in boiling the rags, 
or. other materials, in a ftrong alcaline 
ley; and afterwards fubjecting them to 
the ation of oxygenated muriatic acid 
gas, according to the practice.of M. 
Berthollet.—Vol. II. p. 224. 
In September, 1737, a patent was 
granted to Mr. Hooper, of London, for 
anew method of manufacturing printing 
"paper, particularly for copper - plate 
printing. His method is as follows: To 
one hundred weight of the bef rags, 
‘Feady prepared to make into paper, add 
forty pounds of alabkaiter, ten pounds of 
talc, and ten pounds of plaftcr of Paris, 
all three carefully calcined ;. to thefe add 
' 
Fae Pia ton. 
47 
twelve pounds of the beft white fugar 
candy, with the vequilfite, quantity of 
fize, made from rice or pearl barley, then 
finith the manufacture in the ufual way. 
Vol til. p34 77. 
VI. WorkinG OF IPON. 
In June, 1792,’a patent was granted 
to William Fullerton, Efg. of the coun- 
ty of Ayr, for anew method of feparat- 
ing the iron ore, from the matrix, of 
{melting it, and reducing it into mallea- 
le iron. The way of proceeding is by 
ftamping, wafhmg, é&c. the calcined ma- 
terials, to feparate the ore from extra- 
neous matter; then fufing the prepared 
ore in an open furnace, and inflead of 
cafting it, to fuffer it to remain at the 
bottom of the furnace till it becomes 
cold.— Vol. I. p. 297. 
In June, 1794, a patent was granted 
to Mr. Wilkinfon, cf Brofely, iron- 
matter, for a fimelting furnace of anew 
conftruction. Initead of melting the ore 
in furnaces of thirty to feventy feet 
high, Mr. Wiilkinfon’s do not exceed 
ten feet in height,’ and two or more 
apertures are made for the introduction 
of blafts from bellows, the apertures 
being fo contrived, that the workman 
may vary the number, of them, accord- 
ing to the nature of the ore employed. 
Volo. payin. | 
In January, 1795, 2 patent was granted 
to Mr. Wilde, of Sheffield, for making 
edge tools from a preparation of caft- 
fteel and iron. The method here men- 
tioned, confifts in fixing a clean piece of 
wrought iron, brought to a_ welding 
heat, in the centre of a mould, and then 
pouring in melted fteel, fo as entirely to 
envelope the iron; and then forging the 
mafs to the fhape required.— Vol. I. 
p- 368. 
In January, 1723, a patent was grant~ 
ed to Henry Cort, of Funtly iron mills, 
Scuthamptonfhire, for a new method of 
welding iron, which confifts in the fkil- 
ful dundling of the iron to be welded : 
in the ufe of an extraordinary large 
forge hammer, in employing a dalling- 
furnace, inftead of a hollow fire ov chafery ; 
and in paffing the iron, reduced to a 
welded heat, through grooved mill- 
rollers of different fhapes and fizes. —~ 
Vol. III. p. 289. 5 
In February, 1794, the fame Henry 
Cort obtained a patent for anew method 
of fhingling and manufatturing tron, 
which is as follows; The ore being 
fufed in a reverberating furnace, is con- 
veyed, while fluid, into an air furnace, 
Where it is expofed to a firong heat, till 
, _a bluifh 
