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206 Pavilla. .. Oils... Cements, 8c. [Aprif 
For ihe Monthly Magazine. 
Recent Improvements in ufeful Arts, connefted 
with the Science of Chemiftry abridged, &c. 
irom the Repertory of Arts and Sciences. 
WIT. Barina, &c. 
AY was granted, in March, 
1780 (of which the term is now ex- 
pired) to Mr. fames King, of Newcafle- 
upon-Tyne, for his new-invented Bri- 
tith barilla; the methed of making which 
is as follows: To any quantity cf wood- 
athes, add an equal quantity of the athes 
ct fern, whins, thiftles, rufhes, or bean 
er pea-firaw; fift: them through a fine 
feve, and add tothem an equal quantity 
ef foaper’s wafte athes; ail thefe being 
thoroughly mixed together, there is to 
be added one twelfth of fine quicklime : 
thefe different materials are to be put into 
an iron pan, and boiled two days and two 
nights, with a fufficient quantity of fea 
water, which is to be renewed from time 
tc time ; the mafs is then put into a re- 
verberating furnace, and fufed for about 
ap hour, which, when cooled, is the Bri- 
tith barilla.—Vol. I. p. 859. 
In Auguft, 1792, a patent was grant- 
ed to Mr. G Hedefon, cf Chefter, {cap- 
boiler, for a new method of feparating 
the alcaline bafis from cOmmon: ialt, and 
from kelp. To extraét the alcali from 
falt, a ton of fait is to be mixed with 16 
bufkels of charcoal, and tubmitted to the 
aétion of a reverberating furnace for one 
hour; from the calcined mafs, a lixivium 
to be formed, which, evaporated to 
ynefs,forms the Alcali. The treat- 
f kelp only varies from the fore- 
oing in requiring no more than to 
ufhels of {mail-coal to the ten.— Vol. Il. 
14. 
In, April, 1791, G. Glenney, Efq. of 
Bromlcy-Hill, Kent, obtained a patent 
fer a method of procuring from wood- 
zfhes, a greater quantity of aleali than 
ufual. This improvement confifts ina 
complete calcination of the aihes, having 
prey ioufly mixed with thema {mall quan- 
rity of lime.—Vol. HI. p. 178. 
VIII. PuRiFYING AND PREPARING 
OTES. 
Tn-April, 1792, C. Gower, ‘of Oriel 
College, Qzford, M.A. cbtaineda patent 
for dcpurating animal oil. Histmethod ts, 
to take apy quantity of oil, and an equal 
quantity of water, acidifiedby the vitriclic 
acid, and y.ut the mixture into a barrel 
churn; after the fluids have been fufh- 
cientiy united, the liquor isto be placed 
in pans, when ‘the water, with the im- 
urities, will fink to the bottom, and the 
clear oi! will float at the top; the oil 
may then be drawn off: by a cook placed 
lent ¢ 
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juft above the water. If the oil be tur- 
bid, cr contain any ropy matter, put an 
equal quaintity of oiland pure water inte 
the churn, give them a few revolutions, © 
and add to them a fufficient quantity of 7 
yea to bring on fermentation ; convey it | 
into the pan, and let the whole be 
brought to ferment; the feculencies will 
fubfide, and the clear oil will float on 
the top. “Vol. I. p. 221. : 
In November, 1790, a patent was 
paring oils for the manufaétory ef hard 
The procefs that he makes ufe of, is 
the following: Let the oil be ground im 
a mill, along with a quzntity of fine 
new-ilaked lime, till ic becomes of the 
confiftence of thick cream: this being 
done, let an iron pan be filled one eighth 
full of this mixture, to which is to be 
added, an equal quantity of unprepared 
oil, the whole being well ftirred together. 
A briik fre is now to be made under the 
pan, the contents of which will foon 
iwell to the top, and will foom after fub- | 
fide ; the fire and ftirring, muft, however — 
be ftill kept up, til the mixture begins 
to fwell and boil a fecond time, emitting 
thick clouds of fteam, another portion 
cf oil is now to bé added and firred 
brifkly in, till this-ebullition is fupprefi- 
ed; the lime being now united to the 
oil, the mafs, when ccld, will be of the’ 
confifience of wax. To make hard foap 
with the oil thus prepared, let tallow, 
rofin, greafe, or unprepared cil, be added 
in the proportion of one half, and 
melted, to. which add a ley, made of 
mincral alcali; when a perfett combina- 
tion has taken place, by boiling and ftir- 
ring, Ict the foap be taken out, and 
cleanfed into frames; from the foap in 
the frames, there will be, as ufual, sa 
{mati difcharge of impure ley, after which 
the foap is ready for ufe.—Vol. II. p. 8. 
IX. PREPARATION OF CEMENTS, 
Stucco, MorTAR, &e. 
A patent was granted to Bryan Hig- 
gins, M.D. in January, 1779 (term exe 
pired) for the invention of a water ce- 
ment or ftucco, the methed of preparing 
which, is as,follows: Take 56lb. oF 
pure coarfe fand; 42lb. of pure fine 
fand, mix them together, and moiften 
them thoroughly with lime water; to 
the-wetted fand, add 14lb. of pure freth 
burnt lime, and while beating them up 
together, add, in fucceifive portions, 14lb. 
of bone afh;-the quicker and more per=-" 
fectly thefe materials are beaten together, 7 
and the fooner theyare ufed, the wee ee 
wilh 


