Mr. Bell on the growing power of Russia. 255 
inhabitants. On the side of Persia she gained, by the peace of Te- 
flis in 1797, all Daghistan and Schirwan: in other words, all the 
coast of the Caspian from Derbend to the mouth of the Kur. In 
1607, she obtained a further accession of territory in Poland, by 
the cession of the district of Bialysteck from Prussia, containing 
15,000 square miles, and 500,000 inhabitants. : 
In consequence of a war with Sweden, in which Russia acted as 
the ally and co-adjutor of Buonaparte, she obtained by the peace 
ot Fredericksham, in 1809, the whole of Swedish Finland, Hast 
Bothnia, with Kimi and Tornea Lapmark, comprehending a sur- 
face of 140,000 square miles, and 900,000 inhabitants. Besides 
these continental acquisitions, she also obtained the Isles of Aland, 
in the very vicinity of Stockholm, and which command the en- 
trance of the Bothnic Gulf. 
By the peace of 1812 with Turkey, she gained possession of all 
the tract between the Dneister and Pruth in one direction, and be- 
tween the Dneister and most southern arm of the Danube in ano- 
ther, comprehending the Pashalick of Ketchim, Eastern Moldavia, 
and Bessarabia, with the important fortresses of Kotchim, Bender, 
Kelia Nova, Akerman, and Ismael. - On the side of Persia she ob- 
tained, by the peace of 1613, the whole of Georgia, the khanates of 
Karrabagh and Gandscha, the plain of Mogan, and the northern 
part of the mountainous district of Talish ; and by the last treaty 
of February 1628, she further obtained the khanates of Naktschi- 
van and Erivan: in other words, all that remained of Persian 
Armenia to the north of the Araxes. By the present treaty with 
Turkey, she has acquired the whole coast of the EKuxine, rennd 
about from the mouth of the Kooban to the port of St. Nicholas, 
near the mouth of the Apsarus. This cession includes the impor- 
tant fortresses of Anapa and Poti, which latter commanded the 
mouth of the Phasis. In addition to these, she has also obtained 
the fortresses of Uttsighur, Akhalziche and Akhal-Kalaki, the line 
of the new demarcation, stretching straight east from the port of 
St. Nicholas, along the north frontier of Guriel, till it strike the 
mountains at the western source of the Kur, and which divide Im- 
meretia from Guriel. The line goes due east, passing two hours 
journey to the south of Akhalziche, and then south-east, passing 
the same distance to the west of Akhal-Kalaki, till it strike the 
old Persian and Turkish frontier, at the source of the mest eastern 
branch of the Arpa-Shai. But as all our maps of this region are 
remarkably inaccurate and deficient, it is not easy to form an accu- 
rate idea of the new frontier. No European travellers have ex- 
plored this tract except Charders, who went from the port of Ba- 
toumi across the country, cressed the mountains, and went down 
the western branch of the Kur to Akhalziche, from thence to Usi- 
ghur, where the Kur bends to the north-east, and travelled along 
its banks to Tiflis. 
Till we obtain better and more accurate maps, and it is from the 
Russians only that we shall ever obtain them, it is impossible, from 
