364 Geographical Collections. 
which fertilize the rich province of Godwar, join the “ salt river,” the Loo- 
ni, and mark the true line of the desert. Of these the chief are the Sookri 
and the Bandi; while others which are not perennial, and depend on atmosphe- 
ric causes for their supply, receive the general denomination of rayl, indicative of 
rapid mountain torrents, carrying in their descent a vast volume of alluvial depo- 
sit, to enrich the siliceous soil below. 
However grand the view of the chaotic mass of rock from this elevated site of Ko- 
mulma may be, it is from the plains of Marwar that its majesty is most apparent, 
where its splintered pinnacles are seen rising over each other in varied form, or 
crowning the dark indented recesses of its forest-covered and rugged acclivities. 
On refiection, I am Jed to pronounce the Aravulli a connection of the ‘‘ Appe- 
nines of India,” the Ghats on the Malabar coast of the Peninsula. Nor does 
the passage of the Nerbudda or the Lassti, through its diminished course, mili- 
tate against the hypothesis, which might be better substantiated by the compa- 
rison of their intrinsic character and structure. 
The general character of the Aravulli is its primitive formation,—granite re- 
_posing in variety of angle, (the general dip is to the east,) on massive, compact, 
dark-blue slate, the latter rarely appearing much above the surface or base of the 
superincumbent granite. The internal vallies abound in variegated quartz, and 
_a variety of schistous slate, of every hue, which gives a most singular appearance 
to the roofs of the houses and temples when the sun shines upon them. Rocks 
of gneiss and of sienite appear in the intervals, and in the diverging ridges west 
of the Ajmer. The summits are quite dazzling with the enormous masses of vi- 
treous rose-coloured quartz. 
The Aravulli and its subordinate hills are rich both in mineral and metallic 
products ; and, as stated in the annals of Mewar, to the latter alone can be attri- 
-buted the resources which enabled this family so long to struggle against supe- 
rior power, and to raise those magnificent structures which would do honour to 
the most potent kingdoms of the west. 
The mines are royalties : their produce a monopoly increasing the personal re- 
venue of their prince. ‘* An-Dan-Kan”’ is a triple figurative expression, which 
comprehends the sum of sovereign rights in Rajasthan, being allegiance, com- 
mercial duties, mines. The tin-mines of Mewar were once very productive, and 
yielded, it is asserted, no inconsiJderable portion of silver; but the caste of miners 
is extinct, and political reasons, during the Mogul domination, led to the con- 
cealment of such sources of wealth. Copper of a very fine description is likewise 
abundant, and supplies the currency ; and the chief of Saloombra even coins by 
suiferance from the mines of his own estate. Soonna, or the oxide of antimony, 
is found in the western frontier. Garnet, amethystine quartz, rock crystal, the 
chrysolite, and inferior kinds of the emerald family, are all to be found within 
Mewar ; and though I have seen no specimens decidedly valuable, the Rana has 
often told me, that, according to tradition, his native hills contained every species 
ef mineral wealth.” 
( To be continued. ) 

Geographical and Geognostical Labours of Mr. PENTLAND in Southern Peru; 
by Mr. ALEXANDER DE HumBoitpT.—Concluded from p. 288. 
II. Western Chain of the Andes.—With respect to the western chain of the 
Andes, the highest summit which it presents is a cone, or rather a dome of tra- 
chyte, which rises majestically above the valley of Chuquibamba, to the north of 
Arequipa, and nearly at the point where that chain begins to separate itself from 
the eastern chain. This mountain attains a height of 22,600 feet. Its form and 
.Seognostic structure are altogether analogous to that of Cayambé, as that moun- 
tain appears only to want a crater. ‘ 
